The article covers a review of data taken from different publications which are in connection with surface active substances (SAS) generated by microorganisms and their role in biodegradation processes of petroleum pollutants. The structure and properties of selected BSAS were described. The efficiency of hydrocarbons degradation in the presence of synthetic and natural SAS was characterized. The usefulness of biosurfactant for oil pollutants removal from the soil environment was pointed out.