New treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS are very successful in reducing viral load. However, reconstitution of the immune system takes about one year and may be insufficient or remain incomplete. During this time the patient remains prone to opportunistic infections as a result of the complex immune dysfunction caused by the virus. Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has diverse immunomodulatory properties which may be beneficial to aid immune reconstitution.