Filamenty cienkie i mikrofilamenty - funkcjonalne kompleksy aktyny z tropomiozyną

• Authors: Joanna Moraczewska

Title variants

EN

Thin filaments and microfilaments - functional complexes of actin and tropomyosin

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Aktyna jest uniwersalnym białkiem o strukturze dobrze zachowanej w toku ewolucji. W komórkach aktyna istnieje w równowadze pomiędzy formą monomeryczną i filamentową. Pomimo zachowanej w toku ewolucji struktury, aktyna pełni zdumiewająco wiele różnorodnych funkcji. Jest to możliwe dzięki zdolności aktyny do oddziaływania z wieloma białkami, wśród których znajdują się motory miozynowe oraz białka regulujące dynamiczną polimeryzację i depolimeryzację aktyny. Nadrzędnymi regulatorami filamentów aktynowych są tropomiozyny, rodzina superhelikalnych białek, które polimeryzują wzdłuż filamentowej aktyny, dzięki czemu stabilizują filamenty zapobiegając ich depolimeryzacji oraz kontrolują dostęp i aktywność białek wiążących aktynę. Tropomiozyny działają jako "stróże" filamentu, którzy kontrolują oddziaływania aktyny, co prowadzi do segregacji białek wiążących aktynę do swoistych przedziałów komórkowych gdzie białka te realizują określone funkcje komórkowe. W artykule zostały omówione zależne od tropomiozyny mechanizmy regulacji oddziaływań aktyny z niektórymi miozynami oraz z Arp2/3 i kofiliną - białkami, które inicjują rozgałęzianie, polimeryzację i depolimeryzację filamentów aktynowych.

EN

Actin is a universal protein highly conserved in evolution. In cells, actin exists in equilibrium between a monomeric and filamentous form. In spite of a conservative structure, actin plays amazingly versatile functions. This is possible due to its interactions with numerous actin-binding proteins, among them with myosin motors and proteins regulating dynamic polymerization and depolymeriation of actin. Tropomyosins, superhelical proteins, which polymerize along the filament and stabilize actin by preventing its depolymerization, are superior actin filament regulators. Tropomyosins control the access and activity of various actin-binding proteins. Tropomyosins act thus as actin “gate-keepers” which control actin interactions leading to the segregation of actin-binding proteins into specific cell compartments where they perform specific cellular functions. This article discusses tropomyosin-dependent mechanisms of regulation of actin interactions with some myosins as well as Arp2/3 and cofilin - the proteins, which initiate branching, polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments.

Keywords

PL

aktyna; dynamika; filament; regulacja; tropomiozyna

EN

actin; dynamics; filament; regulation; tropomyosin

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2018
• Volume: 67
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 31-41

Dates

published

2018

Contributors

author

Joanna Moraczewska

• Zakład Biochemii i Biologii Komórki, Wydział Nauk Przyrodniczych, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Poniatowskiego 12, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Polska
• Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 12 Poniatowski Str., 85-671 Bydgoszcz,, Poland

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