Migracja - regulacja zjawiska przez wybrane szlaki sygnałowe

• Authors: Wanda Kłopocka , Jarosław Korczyński

Title variants

EN

Migration, mechanisms and regulation principles

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Ruch i migracja są jedną z głównych funkcji życiowych komórek. W odpowiedzi na różne bodźce, dynamiczny cytoszkielet aktynowy generuje siłę umożliwiającą komórce przemieszczanie się w trójwymiarowej sieci zewnątrzkomórkowej macierzy czy po płaskim podłożu. Wydłużanie filamentów aktynowych na ich kolczastych końcach wypycha błonę komórkową w kierunku migracji, formując strefę frontalną zwaną lamellipodium. Skurcz włókien naprężeniowych umożliwia oderwanie tylnej części komórki i przesunięcie jej do przodu. W odpowiedzi na bodźce ze środowiska, receptory komórki inicjują wiele szlaków sygnałowych powodujących reorganizację mikrofilamentów aktynowych oraz skurcz układu akto-miozynowego. Głównymi regulatorami tych procesów są białka z rodziny Rho, fosfolipidy PIP2 oraz jony wapnia. Receptory nukleotydowe P2Y2 w połączeniu z białkami G regulują poziom fosfatydyloinozytolu-4,5-bisfosforanu (PIP2), który moduluje funkcje białek wiążących aktynę i aktywuje białka Rac1 oraz RhoA. Szlak sygnałowy RhoA/ROCK odgrywa ważną rolę w generowaniu skurczu włókien naprężeniowych. Z kolei białko Rac1 poprzez swój efektor kinazę PAK1 reguluje procesy formujące lamellipodium oraz wysuwanie strefy wiodącej podczas migracji.

EN

Motility is a common feature of numerous cell types. In response to various stimuli, the dynamic actin cytoskeleton and contractility generate forces needed to drive the cell forward. Actin filament elongation on the barbed ends pushes the plasma membrane forward during lamellipodium formation. Stress fibers contraction and/or the contraction of the cortical network are responsible for detaching the rear part of the cell and enable cell body to follow the progressing front. In response to extracellular stimuli, multiple signaling pathways are initiated resulting in the actin filament network reorganization and contractility of acto-myosin system. The key regulators of these processes are Rho family proteins, PIP 2 and calcium ions. Nucleotide receptors P2Y 2 coupled with G-proteins regulate the level of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), which in turn modulates a variety of actin binding proteins, is involved in calcium response, and activates Rac1 and RhoA proteins. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in contractile force generation needed for the assembly of stress fibers, focal adhesions and for tail retraction during cell migration. The Rac1 via its effector Pak1 regulates lamellipodium formation and protrusion of the leading edge.

Keywords

PL

białka Rho; cytoszkielet aktynowy; migracja; włókna naprężeniowe

EN

actin cytoskeleton; migration; Rho proteins; stress fibers

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2018
• Volume: 67
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 207-218

Dates

published

2018

Contributors

author

Wanda Kłopocka

• Wydział Biologii i Nauk o Środowisku, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warszawa,Polska
• Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 1/3 Wóycicki Str., 01-938 Warsaw, Poland

author

Jarosław Korczyński

• Centrum Doradztwa Naukowo-Badawczego Kawa.ska Sp. z o.o., Techniczna 3, 05-500 Piaseczno, Polska
• Scientific and Research Advisory Centre, Kawa.ska Ltd., 3 Techniczna Str., 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland

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