Rola białek motorycznych w transporcie aksonalnym

• Authors: Andrzej Kasprzak

Title variants

EN

Role of motor proteins in axonal transport

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Transport wzdłuż mikrotubul aksonu i dendrytów jest niezbędny nie tylko dla zachowania ogólnej struktury i funkcjonowania komórki nerwowej, ale również całego układu nerwowego. W aksonie transport odbywa się dwukierunkowo, wzdłuż jednorodnie zorientowanych mikrotubul. Transport od ciała komórki w kierunku synapsy wymaga aktywności kinezyn i umożliwia dostarczanie białek (enzymów, cząsteczek sygnałowych, neurofilamentów, motorów molekularnych), pęcherzyków lipidowych i organelli, takich jak mitochondria do dystalnej części aksonu. Za transport w przeciwnym kierunku odpowiada dyneina cytoplazmatyczna, która przenosi zużyte lub niepoprawnie sfałdowane białka oraz cząsteczki sygnałowe do ciała komórki. W niniejszej pracy opisujemy elementy neuronu, które biorą udział transporcie aksonalnym oraz mechanizmy transportu. Przedstawiamy również czynniki, od których zależy transport aksonalny, włączając w to obecność białek adaptorowych (Milton/TRAK), białek MAP (białka związane z mikrotubulami) oraz modyfikacji potranslacyjnych tubuliny.

EN

Axonal transport is essential for maintaining the overall architecture of the brain and the entire nervous system. In the axon, the bidirectional transport takes place along uniformly oriented microtubules. Anterograde axonal transport is performed by kinesins and its function is to supply nerve terminals with proteins (enzymes, signaling molecules, filaments, motors), lipid vesicles and organelles like mitochondria for local energy requirements. Retrograde transport carried out by dyneins clears recycled or misfolded proteins but also it transmits trophic signals to the cell body. Here, we describe various components and mechanisms of axonal transport and we outline the factors that have been proposed to contribute to the cargo movement such as the use of adaptor proteins, the effect of MAPs (microtubule associated proteins) and the role of posttranslational modifications of tubulin.

Keywords

PL

akson; dyneina; kinezyna; motor molekularny; mikrotubula; neuron

EN

axon; dynein; kinesin; microtubule; molecular motor; neuron

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2018
• Volume: 67
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 109-119

Dates

published

2018

Contributors

author

Andrzej Kasprzak

• Pracownia Białek Motorycznych, Zakład Biochemii, Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. M. Nenckiego PAN, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Polska
• Laboratory of Motor Proteins, Department of Biochemustry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland

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