Antybiotykooporność w środowisku naturalnym - przyczyny i konsekwencje.

• Authors: Magdalena Popowska

Title variants

EN

Antibiotic resistance in the environment - causes and consequences.

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Oporność bakterii na antybiotyki to narastający problem ostatnich lat. W literaturze pojawiają się liczne doniesienia o szczepach wielolekoopornych izolowanych od pacjentów. Światowa organizacja zdrowia jak i Europejskie Centrum ds. Zapobiegania i Kontroli Chorób szacują, że oporność na środki przeciwdrobnoustrojowe powoduje co roku 25 tys. zgonów, a związane z tym koszty - z tytułu opieki zdrowotnej i strat wynikających ze spadku wydajności - wynoszą ponad 1,5 mld euro. Antybiotykooporność dotyczy nie tylko medycyny, ale również weterynarii, rolnictwa, żywności i szeroko rozumianego środowiska. Bardzo często te same gatunki bakterii, a co ważniejsze, te same geny warunkujące oporność na antybiotyki występują w wymienionych środowiskach. Liczne badania wskazują, że miejscem ,zapalnym' dla rozprzestrzeniania się antybiotykooporności poza środowiskiem klinicznym są oczyszczalnie ścieków. To tam mieszają się ścieki komunalne, szpitalne, przemysłowe, pochodzące z zakładów farmaceutycznych czy z rzeźni. Razem ze ściekami do oczyszczalni ścieków dostają się bakterie oporne na antybiotyki, w tym patogeny, jak również antybiotyki, które stanową presję selekcyjną.

EN

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem in recent years. In the literature, there are numerous reports of multi-drug resistant strains isolated from patients. The World Health Organization and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control estimates that antibiotic resistance causes 25 thousand deaths every year; this generates costs of more than 1.5 billion euros – due to healthcare and the losses resulting from a decline in productivity. Antibiotic resistance concerns not only clinical medicine but also veterinary, agriculture, food industry and broadly understood environment. Very often the same species of bacteria and, more importantly, the same antibiotic resistance genes are carried by bacteria present in the mentioned environments. Numerous studies indicate that the “hot spots” for the spread of antibiotic resistance outside the clinical environment are wastewater treatment plants, where there are mixed municipal, hospital and industrial sewages and wastewaters derived from pharmaceutical companies or the slaughterhouses. Therefore, the antibiotic resistant bacteria, including pathogens, as well as antibiotics that determine selective pressure thus enter sewage treatment plants with wastewaters.

Keywords

EN

antybiotykooporność; geny oporności; horyzontalny transfer genów; presja selekcyjna; środowisko naturalne

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2017
• Volume: 66
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 81-91

Dates

published

2017

Contributors

author

Magdalena Popowska

• Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Biologii, Instytut Mikrobiologii, Zakład Mikrobiologii Stosowanej, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Polska
• University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland

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