Różne strategie osiągania pamięci immunologicznej

• Authors: Iwona Wojda

Title variants

EN

Different strategies for attaining immune memory

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Odporność nabyta inaczej adaptacyjna (swoista) rozwinęła się w ewolucji bardzo późno, bo dopiero u kręgowców żuchwowych. Oparta jest ona na limfocytach T i B oraz syntezie różnorodnych receptorów i przeciwciał. Okazuje się jednak, że u bezkręgowców, których odporność oparta jest jedynie na mechanizmach wrodzonych, obserwuje się swego rodzaju pamięć immunologiczną. Co więcej, nawet organizmy jednokomórkowe jak bakterie czy archeony wykazują cechy "pamięci immunologicznej". W artykule opisano różne strategie "zapamiętywania" infekcji: mechanizm CRISPR/Cas u bakterii, receptory DSCAM i inne formy piętnowania układu immunologicznego owadów oraz zmienność receptorów bogatych w leucynę (LRR) u bezżuchwowców. Przedstawiono także jak doszło do nabycia możliwości syntezy różnorodnych przeciwciał oraz receptorów limfocytów. Opisane mechanizmy opierają się na włączaniu obcego materiału genetycznego do genomu gospodarza, mechanizmie konwersji genów, alternatywnego składania transkryptów oraz somatycznej rearanżacji DNA.

EN

Acquired immunity (adaptive, specific) developed late in evolution - in jawed vertebrates. It is based on T and B lymphocytes and a diversity of antibodies. It turns out, however, that in invertebrates, which posses only innate mechanisms there is a kind of immune memory. Moreover, even single-cell organisms such as bacteria or archaea exhibit features of immunological memory. This article describes the various strategies used to achieve a kind of rememmbrnace of infection: a CRISPR/Cas system in bacteria, diveristy of DSCAM receptors and other forms of immune priming in insects, leucine-rich receptors in jawless vertebrates. It also describes how it came to acquire the possibility of synthesis of various forms of antibodies and lymphocyte receptors by jawed vertebrates. The described mechanisms are based on the incorporation of foreign genetic material into host genome, the gene conversion mechanisms, alternative splicing and finally, somatic rearrangements of DNA.

Keywords

PL

CRISPR/Cas; immunoglobuliny; pamięć immunologiczna; RAG; receptory DSCAM; receptory VLR

EN

CRISPR/Cas; DSCAM receptors; immune memory; immunoglobulins; RAG,VLR receptors

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2017
• Volume: 66
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 721-732

Dates

published

2017

Contributors

author

Iwona Wojda

• Zakład Immunobiologii, Instytut Biologii i Biochemii, Wydział Biologii i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Marii Curie Skłodowskiej, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Polska
• Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland

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