Domeny błonowe komórek eukariotycznych i prokariotycznych i ich udział w przekazywaniu sygnału

• Authors: Kamila Prymas , Katarzyna Kwiatkowska

Title variants

EN

Membrane domains of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells: their role in signal transduction

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Błona komórkowa komórek eukariotycznych jest niejednorodna i charakteryzuje się obecnością domen nazywanych tratwami błonowymi. Są to liczące kilka nanometrów dynamiczne skupiska sfingolipidów, cholesterolu i wybranych białek, zwłaszcza palmitoilowanych, które wyodrębniają się z otaczającego je środowiska glicerofosfolipidów. Labilne nanodomeny zlewają się w większe struktury, platformy sygnałowe, stabilizowane przez interakcję z cytoszkieletem podbłonowym w czasie aktywacji szeregu receptorów zaangażowanych w reakcje wrodzonej i nabytej odporności. Paradoksalnie, niektóre wirusy i bakterie wykorzystują tratwy błonowe jako miejsca inwazji/opuszczania komórek gospodarza. Z drugiej strony, w błonie bakterii wykryto rejony, w których także skupiają się wybrane białka sensorowe i enzymy, co sugeruje udział domen błony bakteryjnej w procesach przekazywania sygnału. Skład lipidowy bakteryjnych domen błonowych jest słabo poznany, a rolę w ich formowaniu przypisuje się białku flotylinie. Heterogenna organizacja błony komórkowej jest zatem zachowanym ewolucyjnie sposobem zapewnienia właściwej przestrzennej organizacji receptorów oraz białek i lipidów biorących udział w ich kaskadach sygnałowych, która stała się szczególnie istotna dla funkcjonowania komórek układu odpornościowego człowieka i zwierząt.

EN

The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells contains domains named rafts which are nonscale dynamic assemblies of sphingolipids, cholesterol and selected proteins, mainly palmitoylated ones. During stimulation of distinct immune receptors labile rafts merge into larger structures which are stabilized by submembraneous cytoskeleton and serve as signaling platforms of those receptors. Paradoxically, rafts are also utilized by some viruses and bacteria to invade/escape host cells. On the other hand, bacterial plasma membrane contains domains accommodating sensory proteins and several other enzymes which suggests that those domains are sites of signal transduction. Lipid composition of bacterial membrane domains is poorly characterized and a role in their formation is ascribed to proteins named flotillins. Thus, domain organization of the plasma membrane seems to be common to eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It facilitates spatial organization of plasma membrane receptors as well as lipids and proteins involved in their signaling pathways. During evolution rafts of the plasma membrane have become important especially for functioning of human and animal immune cells.

Keywords

PL

błona komórkowa; cholesterol; flotylina; sfingolipidy; tratwy błonowe

EN

cholesterol; flotillin; plasma membrane; rafts; sphingolipids

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2017
• Volume: 66
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 691-702

Dates

published

2017

Contributors

author

Kamila Prymas

• Pracownia Biologii Molekularnej Błony Komórkowej, Zakład Biologii Komórki, Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. M. Nenckiego PAN, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Polska
• Labolatory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland

author

Katarzyna Kwiatkowska

• Pracownia Biologii Molekularnej Błony Komórkowej, Zakład Biologii Komórki, Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. M. Nenckiego PAN, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Polska
• Labolatory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland

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