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Journal

2017 | 66 | 2 | 153-166

Article title

Autofagia, czyli wielkie sprzątanie

Content

Title variants

EN
Autophagy, a big cleaning

Languages of publication

PL EN

Abstracts

PL
Autofagia jest procesem fizjologicznym zachodzącym u eukariontów (rośliny, grzyby i zwierzęta), polegającym na degradacji różnych składników komórki rozpoznanych jako uszkodzone lub zbędne. W zasadzie, każdy proces prowadzący do przekazania materiału komórkowego lizosomom należy uważać za autofiagię. W zjawisku kontrolowanej autodestrukcji lizosomy pełnią rolę komórkowego "zakładu oczyszczania i utylizacji odpadów". W pewnym uproszczeniu można uznać, że autofagia jest dla komórki "sprzątaczką" z umiejętnością recyklingu. Pomimo że o autofagii wiedziano już w latach 60. ubiegłego wieku, rodzaje autofagii (mikro-, makro- i autofagia zależna od białek opiekuńczych) oraz przebieg i mechanizmy sprawcze zostały poznane i szczegółowo opisane dopiero po wprowadzeniu nowych technik biologii molekularnej w czym szczególnie zasłużył się Yoshinori Ohsumi, uhonorowany w roku 2016 Nagrodą Nobla z Fizjologii lub Medycyny. Obecnie wiadomo, że autofagia nadzoruje ważne fizjologiczne funkcje, ale nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w warunkach stresu komórkowego, kiedy dochodzi do uszkodzenia komórki. Taka sytuacja ma miejsce w stanach chorobowych, przy czym wiele obserwacji zebranych od chorych i dane doświadczalne wskazują nieprawidłowo działającą autofagię jako przyczynę choroby.
EN
Autophagy is a physiological process found in eukariotes (plants, fungi, and animals) in which different cellular constituents identified as damaged or obsolete are degraded. In principle, every process of trafficking cell components into the lysosomes should be regarded as autophagy. In the progressive and controlled autodestruction the lysosomes represent waste disposal and recycling centre. Truthfully, autophagy could be considered a "housekeeper" with recycling capability. Alhough autophagy is known from early sixties of the last century, individual forms of autophagy (micro-, makro-, and chaperone-mediated autophagy, CMA) as well as precise course was not described in details unless molecular biology techniques were applied, for which Yoshinori Ohsumi was honoured with Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2016. Nowadays, it is widely accepted that autophagy controls important physiological functions where cellular components need to be degraded and recycled, and it is even more important in stress conditions, when cells undergo damage. Such situations come up in diseases, moreover a great deal of observations obtained from sick individuals as well as experimental data confirm abnormal autophagy as a cause of disease.

Journal

Year

Volume

66

Issue

2

Pages

153-166

Physical description

Dates

published
2017

Contributors

  • Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Instytut Medycyny Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej im. M. Mossakowskiego PAN, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Polska
  • Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw

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Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-ksv66p153kz
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