Nicienie entomopatogeniczne - modelowe organizmy w badaniach oddziaływań symbiont-gospodarz oraz pasożyt-żywiciel

• Authors: Jaśmina Mackiewicz

Title variants

EN

Entomopathogenic nematodes as model organism in research of host-symbiont and host-parasite interactions

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Interesującym przykładem zależności mutualistycznej są nicienie entomopatogeniczne (EPN). Nicienie rodzajów Steinernema i Heterorhabditis wraz z ich symbiotycznymi bakteriami charakteryzują się bardzo wysoką wirulencją w stosunku do larw owadów. Ta cecha sprawiła, że są stosowane w rolnictwie jako biopreparat, alternatywa lub uzupełnienie dla tradycyjnych metod ochrony roślin. Próby wykorzystywania EPN w walce ze szkodnikami stały się impulsem dla szerszych badań nad ich biologią i ekologią. EPN maja szczególną cechę, ponieważ są zakażone tylko jednym gatunkiem bakterii symbiotycznych tworząc pary Steinernema/Xenorhabdus i Heterorhabditis/Photorhabdus. Nicienie oraz ich symbionty mogą być również hodowane osobno w warunkach laboratoryjnych na sztucznych pożywkach. Taki układ pozwala na badanie wzajemnych relacji, umożliwia pogłębienie wiedzy na temat biologii układu symbiont-gospodarz oraz pozwala na wykorzystanie tej wiedzy w praktyce. W prezentowanej pracy opisuję biologię EPN i ich symbiontów podczas inwazji żywiciela, przedstawiam wybrane mechanizmy pozwalające na efektywną kooperację pomiędzy symbiontem a gospodarzem oraz przykłady badań prowadzonych na nicieniach pozbawionych symbiontów. Nicienie entomopatogeniczne wraz z ich bakteriami symbiotycznymi tworzą skomplikowany i bardzo czuły układ pozwalający na niezwykle efektywne zasiedlanie kolejnych żywicieli. Możliwości hodowania nicieni symbiotycznych, nicieni pozbawionych symbiontów oraz bakterii symbiotycznych w warunkach laboratoryjnych, a dodatkowo krótki cykl życiowy, wysoka płodność oraz łatwość modyfikacji genetycznych bakterii i nicieni pozwala na stosowanie ich jako organizmu modelowego w badaniach m.in. mutualizmu i pasożytnictwa.

EN

This work presents a short description of host-symbiont relation in entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) from genus Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their symbiotic bacteria from genus Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively. EPN are highly virulent to insects, so that they are used as a biocontrol agent. EPN are also used as model organisms in studies on host-parasite and host - symbiont interactions. Bacteria are the only symbiont of EPN. Nematodes and their symbionts can be cultivated in laboratory conditions on artificial media. This feature is very useful for examining relations between a host and its symbiont.

Keywords

PL

bakterie entomopatogeniczne; mutualizm; nicienie entomopatogeniczne

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2016
• Volume: 65
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 433-443

Dates

published

2016

Contributors

author

Jaśmina Mackiewicz

• Instytut Nauk o Środowisku, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Polska
• Institute of Environmental Science, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, poland

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