Różne twarze naprawy DNA - Nobel 2015 w dziedzinie chemii

• Authors: Barbara Tudek

Title variants

EN

Different faces of DNA repair - Nobel price 2015 in chemistry

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

W 2015 r. Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie chemii została przyznana za badania mechanistyczne nad naprawą DNA Paulowi Modrichowi, Tomasowi Lindahlowi i Azizowi Sancarowi. Paul Modrich pracuje w Howard Hughes Medical Institute oraz Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA. Nagrodą zostały wyróżnione jego prace nad naprawą źle dopasowanych zasad, które powstają głównie podczas replikacji, zaś ten typ naprawy jest "pierwszą linią ochrony" stabilności genomu. Tomas Lindahl jest profesorem chemii medycznej i fizycznej, emerytowanym dyrektorem Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Wielka Brytania. Nagrodę Nobla otrzymał za odkrycia w dziedzinie naprawy przez wycięcie zasady usuwającej z DNA niewielkie uszkodzenia, głównie oksydacyjne i alkilacyjne. Aziz Sancar jest profesorem biochemii i biofizyki na University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA. Nagrodę Nobla otrzymał za osiągnięcia w dziedzinie naprawy przez wycięcie nukleotydu. System ten usuwa z DNA duże modyfikacje takie jak dimery pirymidynowe indukowane światłem ultrafioletowym. Badania uczonych stworzyły podwaliny pod zrozumienie mechanizmu ewolucji świata ożywionego, a także procesów nowotworowych i opracowanie nowoczesnych terapii.

EN

The Nobel Prize in chemistry for 2015 was awarded to Paul Modrich, Tomas Lindahl and Aziz Sancar for mechanistic studies on DNA repair. Paul Modrich works in Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA. The prize has been awarded for his work on Mismatch Repair, which removes mismatched nucleotides formed mainly during replication and is the "first line of defense" of genome stability. Tomas Lindahl is a professor of medical and physical chemistry, emeritus director of Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, United Kingdom. The Nobel Prize was awarded to him for discoveries on Base Excision Repair, which removes from the DNA small lesions, mainly alkylated and oxidatively formed damages. Aziz Sancar is a professor in biochemistry and biophysics at University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA. He was awarded for the achievements on Nucleotide Excision Repair. The system removes from the DNA big lesions, such as pyrimidine dimers induced by ultraviolet light. Studies of these researchers made a basis for understanding of the evolution of living world as well as carcinogenic process and for elaboration of novel therapies.

Keywords

PL

Aziz Sancar; naprawa DNA; Nobel z chemii 2015; Paul Modrich; Thomas Lindahl

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2016
• Volume: 65
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 309-322

Dates

published

2016

Contributors

author

Barbara Tudek

• Instytut Biochemii i Biofizyki PAN, Instytut Genetyki i Biotechnologii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Polska
• Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland

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