Zastosowanie tkanki kalusa w biotechnologii drzew leśnych: badania in vitro

• Authors: Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik

Title variants

EN

The use of callus tissue in forest tree biotechnology: studies in vitro

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Kalus występujący w warunkach ex vitro jako tkanka przyranna jest obiektem badaniach biotechnologicznych in vitro takich jak: uzyskiwanie metabolitów wtórnych, analiza patogeniczności na poziomie embrionalnym, krioprezerwacja materiału roślinnego, uzyskiwanie roślin transformowanych i analiza wpływu metali ciężkich na rośliny. Kalus otrzymuje się m.in. metodą somatycznej embriogenezy i organogenezy in vitro jako jej pośredni efekt. Istnieje duże zainteresowanie otrzymaniem kalusa drzew leśnych. Kalus roślin drzewiastych zaindukowany w warunkach in vitro pod wpływem elicitorów w postaci grzybów produkuje metabolity wtórne: monoterpeny i izoproteidy z Betula sp. oraz glikozydy fenolowe u rodziny Salicaceae. Substancje te znalazły zastosowanie nie tylko w przemyśle farmaceutycznym i kosmetycznym, ale również mają silne działanie odstraszające zwierzęta roślinożerne. Kultury dualne in vitro wykazały, że kalus nieembriogenny poddany wpływowi czynników stresowych (grzyb patogeniczny) wytwarza białka odpornościowe o niskiej masie cząsteczkowej. Daje to podstawę do oceny stopnia patogeniczności grzyba na poziomie embrionalnym. Krioprezerwacja kalusa embriogennego znajduje szerokie zastosowanie w rozszerzaniu banku genów. Badano także wpływ metali ciężkich na kalus.

EN

Callus, occurring ex vitro as wound tissue, is a subject of extensive biotechnological in vitro research, including: obtainment of secondary metabolites, pathogenicity studies at embryonic level, cryopreservation of plant material, obtainment of transformed plants and influence of heavy metals on plants. Callus can be obtained, among others, as an indirect effect of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in vitro. Hence, there is considerable interest in application of this method in forest trees and in callus obtained as a result thereof. Callus of woody plants, induced in vitro under the effect of elicitors in the form of fungi, produces secondary metabolites, such as: monoterpenes and isoprenoids in Betula sp. and phenolic glycosides in the family Salicaceae. These secondary metabolites have been used not only in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, but also as strong repelling agents against herbivores. On the other hand, studies in dual in vitro cultures have shown that non-embryogenic callus of e.g. Pinus sylvestris subjected to a stress factor such as pathogenic fungus, produces in response low molecular weight proteins classified as PR-type (pathogenesis related) immune proteins. These observations give the basis for the assessment of pathogenicity and the level of threat posed by the fungus at the cellular level. Also, cryopreservation of embryogenic callus is widely used, among others, in gene bank reservoirs of valuable plant genotypes. Biotechnological studies involving callus of different forest tree species complement and support the development of disciplines such as physiology, phytopathology or plant breeding and selection.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 64
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 305-317

Dates

published

2015

Contributors

author

Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik

• Zakład Fitopatologii Leśnej, Mykologii i Fizjologii Drzew, Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie, Al. 29-Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Polska

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