Telomery i telomeraza w komórkach roślinnych

• Authors: Maja Boczkowska , Jerzy Puchalski

Title variants

EN

Telomeres and telomerase in plant cells.

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

W budowie i funkcji kompleksu telomerowego występującego w komórkach roślin i zwierząt, obserwuje się szereg podobieństw. W jego skład wchodzą telomerowe DNA, białka telomerowe oraz enzym telomeraza. Telomery to struktury zbudowane z kompleksu białek i tandemowo powtórzonych sekwencji DNA, zlokalizowane na końcach chromosomów eukariotycznych. Pełnią szereg istotnych funkcji w komórkach organizmów żywych. Najważniejszą ich rolą jest ochrona genomu przed potencjalną niestabilnością. O ile sekwencja telomerowego DNA jest stosunkowo silnie zakonserwowana nawet u organizmów odległych ewolucyjnie, o tyle kompleks białek telomerowych charakteryzuje się dużym zróżnicowaniem. Z telomerami współdziała telomeraza - enzym o aktywności odwrotnej transkryptazy, który na matrycy własnego RNA dobudowuje na końcach chromosomów sekwencje telomerowe. Istniej wiele przesłanek wskazujących na udział kompleksu telomerowego w starzeniu się komórek roślinnych. Jednak dotychczas nie udało się w pełni zweryfikować tej hipotezy. Wiedza z zakresu budowy i funkcji telomerów i telomerazy w komórkach roślinnych ciągle pozostaje daleko w tyle za tą uzyskaną dla komórek ssaków.

EN

Both in plants and animals cells several similarities in structure and function of telomere complex are observed. Telomere complex consists of DNA, proteins and telomerase. Telomeres are the special structures composed of proteins and tandem repeated DNA sequences, localized at the physical end of eukariotic chromosomes. They carry out many important functions in the cells. The most important of their role is to protect the genome from potential instability. While the telomeric DNA sequence is relatively highly conserved even among evolutionarily distant organisms, telomeric protein complex has a great diversity. Telomerase interacts with telomeres. This enzyme has a reverse transcriptase activity and based on its own RNA template adds telomeric sequences at the ends of chromosomes. There are lots of indications that telomere complex participates in the plant cells aging process. But so far this hypothesis has not been fully verified. Knowledge in the field of structure and function of telomeres and telomerase in plant cells still remains far behind that achieved in mammalian cells.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2012
• Volume: 61
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 587-596

Dates

published

2012

Contributors

author

Maja Boczkowska

• Polska Akademia Nauk Ogród Botaniczny Centrum Zachowania Różnorodności Biologicznej w Powsinie Prawdziwka 2, 02-973 Warszawa, Polska

author

Jerzy Puchalski

• Polska Akademia Nauk Ogród Botaniczny Centrum Zachowania Różnorodności Biologicznej w Powsinie Prawdziwka 2, 02-973 Warszawa, Polska

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