Charakterystyka fizjologiczno-biochemiczna bakterii fermentacji mlekowej

• Authors: Marcin Jurkowski , Mieczysław Błaszczyk

Title variants

EN

Physiology and biochemistry of lactic acid bacteria.

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Bakterie fermentacji mlekowej (ang. Lactic Acid Bacteria - LAB) są grupą mikroorganizmów wyróżnioną ze względu na podobne właściwości metaboliczne. Procesem umożliwiającym im zdobycie energii jest fermentacja mlekowa, której głównym produktem jest zawsze kwas mlekowy. Ze względu na typ fermentacji wyróżnia się bakterie hetero- i homofermentatywne. Filogenetycznie LAB obejmują 3 rzędy - Lactobacillales, Bacillales i Bifidobacteriales. Ewolucyjne wyodrębnienie się tej grupy zaszło dzięki genetycznemu przystosowaniu do środowiska bogatego w substancje pokarmowe poprzez nabycie genów transporterów błonowych i utratę genów szlaków biosyntez. Jako auksotrofy, LAB katabolizują aminokwasy, w wyniku czego mogą powstawać niebezpieczne metabolity, takie jak karbaminian etylu i aminy biogenne. Ponieważ bakterie fermentacji mlekowej są powszechnie wykorzystywane biotechnologicznie, brak zdolności do wytwarzania takich związków musi być potwierdzony u szczepów przemysłowych.

EN

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of microorganisms encompassing bacteria with similar metabolic capacities. The process which enables them to gain energy is lactic acid fermentation, where lactic acid is the major product. Taking into consideration the type of fermentation, LAB can be divided into two groups - hetero- and homofermentative. Phylogenetically, LAB are comprised of 3 orders: Lactobacillales, Bacillales and Bifidobacteriales. Their evolutionary separation was preceded by the genetic adjustment to the environment rich in nutrients through the gain of genes encoding membrane transporters and the loss of genes encoding biosynthetic pathways. As auxotrophic organisms, they catabolise amino acids - i.e. arginine, methionine and phenylalanine, which can be turned into harmful metabolites such as ethyl carbamate or biogenic amines. Since lactic acid bacteria are ubiquitously used in biotechnology, the inability to produce such compounds by industrial strains must be confirmed.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2012
• Volume: 61
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 493-504

Dates

published

2012

Contributors

author

Marcin Jurkowski

• Samodzielny Zakład Biologii Mikroorganizmów, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Polska

author

Mieczysław Błaszczyk

• Samodzielny Zakład Biologii Mikroorganizmów, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Polska

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