Regulacja metabolizmu giberelin u roślin

• Authors: Katarzyna Marciniak , Weronika Grzegorzewska , Jacek Kęsy , Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska , Andrzej Tretyn , Jan Kopcewicz

Title variants

EN

Regulation of gibberellins metabolism in plants

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Gibereliny (GA), jako jedne z siedmiu klasycznych hormonów roślinnych, zajmują kluczową pozycję w regulacji wzrostu i rozwoju roślin. Wpływają one na większość procesów fizjologicznych tj. kiełkowanie nasion, wydłużanie łodyg czy indukcję kwitnienia. Z ponad stu trzydziestu różnych GA zidentyfikowanych u roślin, grzybów i bakterii, tylko nieliczne - GA1, GA3, GA4, GA5, GA6, GA7 - wykazują aktywność biologiczną, natomiast pozostałe są ich prekursorami lub produktami katabolizmu. Dzięki użyciu biochemicznych i genetycznych technik badawczych, w ciągu ostatnich kilkunastu lat poznano większość genów kodujących białka związane z biosyntezą i dezaktywacją GA, co pozwoliło na lepsze zrozumienie funkcjonowania tych fitohormonów u roślin. Większość enzymów zaangażowanych w metabolizm GA wykazuje wielofunkcyjność, dlatego mniejsza ich liczba, niż zakładano na początku, potrzebna jest do tworzenia takich struktur GA, które biorą czynny udział w kontroli wielu procesów fizjologicznych. Wiadomo również, że metabolizm GA jest ściśle regulowany zarówno przez bodźce wewnętrzne (m. in. hormony), bodźce zewnętrzne (m. in. jakość światła, fotoperiod, temperatura, stres), jak i aktualną fazę rozwoju rośliny (embriogeneza, kiełkowanie, rozwój wegetatywny i generatywny). Głównym celem niniejszej pracy jest podsumowanie obecnego stanu wiedzy na temat metabolizmu GA, a przede wszystkim próba znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie: jak zawartość cząsteczek hormonu w poszczególnych komórkach i tkankach jest regulowana podczas wzrostu i rozwoju roślin w różnych warunkach?

EN

Bioactive gibberellins (GA) are diterpene phytohormones that are biosynthesized through complex pathways and control different aspect of plants growth and development, such as seeds germination, stems elongation and floral induction. Among more than one hundred thirty GA identified from plants, fungi and bacteria, only small number of them - GA1, GA3, GA4, GA5, GA6, GA7 - are biologically active. Many non-bioactive GA exist in plants as precursor or deactivated metabolites. The GA metabolism pathway in plants has been studied for a long time, and large number of genes encoding the metabolism enzymes has been identified. Many of these enzymes are multifunctional and therefore fewer enzymes than might be expected are required to synthesize the various gibberellins structures. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that GA metabolism pathway is strictly regulated during plant development and in response to hormonal and environmental signals.In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the GA metabolism pathways, genes and enzymes in plant, and first of all we discuss how GA concentration is regulated during plant development under varying condition.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2012
• Volume: 61
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 213-232

Dates

published

2012

Contributors

author

Katarzyna Marciniak

• Katedra Fizjologii Roślin i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Polska

author

Weronika Grzegorzewska

• Katedra Fizjologii Roślin i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Polska

author

Jacek Kęsy

• Katedra Fizjologii Roślin i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Polska

author

Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska

• Katedra Fizjologii Roślin i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Polska

author

Andrzej Tretyn

• Katedra Fizjologii Roślin i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Polska

author

Jan Kopcewicz

• Katedra Fizjologii Roślin i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Polska

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