Symbioza owady-bakterie

• Authors: Małgorzata Kukla , Zofia Piotrowska-Seget

Title variants

EN

Insect-bacteria symbiosis

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Największe znaczenie w oddziaływaniach owady-bakterie mają mikroorganizmy, tzw. endosymbionty, które zasiedlają wnętrze ciała owada. Wśród nich wyróżnia się obligatoryjne i fakultatywne symbionty. Pierwsze z nich żyją w specjalnych komórkach owada zwanych bakteriocytami, które chronią bakterie przed działaniem hemolizyn i komórek żernych gospodarza. Fakultatywne endosymbionty występują głównie pozakomórkowo w hemolimfie owada. Zarówno obligatoryjna jak i fakultatywna mikroflora wpływa na utrzymanie prawidłowej kondycji zdrowotnej gospodarza, jego żywotności, odporności na patogeny i wysoką temperaturę. Bakteryjna flora owadów odpowiedzialna jest za produkcję witamin, aminokwasów, związków chemicznych będących prekursorami feromonów a także enzymów niezbędnych podczas trawienia celulozy. Znane są symbiotyczne bakterie, które chronią swoich gospodarzy przed grzybowymi patogenami, stresem cieplnym a nawet spadkiem liczebności innych symbiotycznych mikroorganizmów znajdujących się w ciele tego samego owada. Przerwanie symbiotycznych interakcji miedzy bakteriami a owadami może być sposobem walki z owadami przenoszącymi chorobotwórcze dla człowieka mikroorganizmy. Jednym ze znanych sposobów jest eliminacja endosymbiontów, co prowadzi do śmierci owada. Inna strategia obejmuje modyfikacje genetyczne mikroorganizmów, których zmieniony metabolizm prowadzi do zaburzenia cyklu życiowego owada.

EN

Insects are among the most successful animals on Earth both with regard to their biomass and biodiversity. In 1965, Paul Buchner first described the symbiotic, intracellular specific microorganisms. It is estimated that up to 20% of all insects are associated with microorganisms. This relationship has greatly contributed to insects' evolutionary success. Symbiotic bacteria live in specialized cells called the bacteriocytes (mycetocytes), fat body or insects gut. These bacteria may have a role in nutritional upgrading of their hosts' diets. For example, all aphids require a primary endosymbiont, the bacterium Buchnera sp., to synthesize the nutrients missing in their xylem food source. The improvement of health condition of the host resistance to pathogens and high temperature is associated with the presence of specific microflora. Extremely stable interactions between insects and bacteria are the result of specific genetic mechanisms. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence allowed the identification of these microorganisms because their culture is not possible on traditional microbiological media. The genome sequence analysis enabled the discovery of their metabolic functions. Researches on insect-symbiotic bacteria interactions allowed for the application of new strategies to pest control. New methods are less toxic to the environment.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2011
• Volume: 60
• Issue: 3-4
• Pages: 389-399

Dates

published

2011

Contributors

author

Małgorzata Kukla

• Katedra Mikrobiologii, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Polska

author

Zofia Piotrowska-Seget

• Katedra Mikrobiologii, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Polska

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