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Journal

2011 | 60 | 1-2 | 153-160

Article title

Do czego roślinie potrzebne jest wieszadełko?

Content

Title variants

EN
Does plant need a suspensor?

Languages of publication

PL EN

Abstracts

PL
W artykule została przedstawiona struktura i rola wieszadełka zarodkowego u roślin okrytozalążkowych. Wieszadełko jest to szybko rozwijający się, krótkotrwały organ, który zanika przed wytworzeniem dojrzałego nasienia. W zależności od gatunku może on przybierać różne kształty i rozmiary. Niektóre wieszadełka wytwarzają haustoria wrastające głęboko w tkanki zalążka. Cytoplazma komórek wieszadełka wypełniona jest rybosomami, profilami retikulum endoplazmatycznego, diktiosomami, kroplami lipidowymi oraz zawiera mitochondria, plastydy i mikrociała. Komórki wieszadełka często posiadają różne strukturalne modyfikacje, których nie spotyka się w zarodku właściwym (np. wyrostki ściany, wyspecjalizowane plastydy). U wielu Angiospermae różnicowaniu się komórek wieszadełka towarzyszy zjawisko poliploidyzacji. Wieszadełko stabilizuje zarodek w woreczku zalążkowym, przekazuje substancje odżywcze z innych tkanek i jest źródłem sygnałów lub przekazuje sygnały wpływające na przebieg embriogenezy. Po okresie wzmożonej aktywności i spełnieniu swoich funkcji organ ten podlega programowanej śmierci komórkowej.
EN
This review concerns the structure and role of the embryo-suspensor in angiosperms. The suspensor is the first differentiated structure produced during plant embryogenesis. Angiosperm suspensors vary widely in size and morphology, from a single cell to a massive structure composed of hundreds of cells. A few suspensors produce elaborate outgrowths (haustoria) that invade surrounding endosperm or maternal tissues. Suspensor cells may also be polytene, polyploid or multinucleate. In most case the suspensor functions early in embryogenesis and degenerates during later stages of development. In many suspensors, the cytoplasm is rich in ribosomes, profiles of endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, lipid droplets, and contains also mitochondria, plastids, microbodies. Cells of the suspensor often contain a variety of structural modifications not found in the embryo-proper (e. g. presence of extensive wall ingrowths, specialized plastids, and variations in general morphology). The functional role of the suspensor was long thought to be limited to mechanically pushing the embryo into the nutrient endosperm. It now appears that the suspensor in flowering plants is an embryonic organ essential to embryo development. Extensive cytochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical studies with a variety of angiosperms shown the suspensor to play an active role early in development by promoting continued growth of the embryo-proper. The death of the suspensor is an example of physiological programmed cell death (PCD) in floral organ of higher plants.

Keywords

Journal

Year

Volume

60

Issue

1-2

Pages

153-160

Physical description

Dates

published
2011

Contributors

  • Katedra Cytologii i Embriologii Roślin, Uniwersytet Gdański, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Polska

References

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Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-ksv60p153kz
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