Rola ros w fizjologii nasion

• Authors: Urszula Krasuska , Agnieszka Gniazdowska , Renata Bogatek

Title variants

EN

Role of ROS in seed physiology.

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Reaktywne formy tlenu (ROS) pełnią w nasionach podwójną funkcję, są zarówno cząsteczkami sygnałowymi determinującymi kolejne etapy fizjologii nasion, jak też związkami toksycznymi, wywołującymi nieodwracalne zmiany strukturalne prowadzące do starzenia nasion. Zmiany stężenia ROS, szczególnie w osi zarodkowej, decydują o tym czy nasiona pozostaną w stanie spoczynku, czy też rozpocznie się proces kiełkowania, a następnie wzrost siewki. Zależność pomiędzy stężeniem ROS w nasionach, a realizacją kolejnych faz fizjologicznych opisuje model tzw. "okna oksydacyjnego". Zbyt niskie stężenie ROS w osi zarodkowej sprawia, że nasiona pozostają w stanie spoczynku, nie kiełkują, z kolei nadmiernie wysokie stężenie ROS - toksyczne dla komórek prowadzi do nieodwracalnych zmian, których wynikiem jest starzenie nasion. Rozpoczęcie kiełkowania nasion jest możliwe gdy stężenie ROS osiąga wartość optymalną dla tego procesu. Regulacyjna rola ROS związana jest z ich bezpośrednim i pośrednim działaniem na elementy strukturalne komórki. Ponadto modyfikacja metabolizmu nasion przez ROS zachodzi poprzez zmianę potencjału redoks i współdziałanie z reaktywnymi formami azotu (RNS), a także tworzenie innych cząsteczek sygnałowych np. reaktywnych elektrofilowych oksylipin. Istotną funkcją ROS jest modyfikacja białek np. przez tworzenie grup karbonylowych w konkretnych resztach aminokwasowych. Tak zmodyfikowane białka, tzw. białka utlenione, wytworzone w określonym organellum komórkowym biorą udział w kaskadzie specyficznego sygnału wywołanego przez ROS. Zmiany stężenia ROS podlegają precyzyjnej kontroli za pośrednictwem systemu odpowiednich enzymów oraz cząsteczkowych antyoksydantów komórkowych. Z uwagi na jego funkcję regulującą stężenie ROS w komórkach sugeruje się, aby dotychczasową nazwę "system antyoksydacyjny" zastąpić wyrażeniem "system modulujący stężenie ROS", jako lepiej obrazującym jego prawdziwą rolę. Niniejsza praca przedstawia najnowsze poglądy na temat roli ROS w regulacji rozwoju, kiełkowania i starzenia nasion.

EN

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in various aspects of seed physiology. They are generated during seed development, germination and ageing. Despite acting as toxic molecules ROS participate also in signal transduction pathways during different phases of seed development leading to modification in gene expression. In the present paper we explain the model of "oxidative window" describing dual role of ROS in seed physiology. ROS regulate seed metabolism via cellular redox status, interaction with reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and initiation of generation of reactive electrophyllic oxilipine species (RES). One of the key functions of ROS is oxidation of proteins. Oxyproteins generated in distinct compartment may act as ROS-mediated specific signal molecules. ROS content is precisely regulated by detoxifying enzymes and cellular antioxidant compounds responsible for ROS scavenging. Taking into account an informational function of ROS, it is suggested that expression "oxidative stress" should be replaced by the phrase "oxidative signal".

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2011
• Volume: 60
• Issue: 1-2
• Pages: 113-128

Dates

published

2011

Contributors

author

Urszula Krasuska

• Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Wydział Rolnictwa i Biologii, Katedra Fizjologii Roślin, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Polska

author

Agnieszka Gniazdowska

• Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Wydział Rolnictwa i Biologii, Katedra Fizjologii Roślin, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Polska

author

Renata Bogatek

• Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Wydział Rolnictwa i Biologii, Katedra Fizjologii Roślin, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Polska

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