Pasożytnictwo, pasożyty i żywiciele

• Authors: Teresa Pojmańska

Title variants

EN

Parasitism, parasites and their hosts

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

Summary The article presents the main information on on parasites the definition of parasitism developed the nature of parasitism and place of parasites from a very simple one, formulated by Leuckart at among living creatures. In the course of studies the end of XIX century, emphasizing that parasites gain their nourishment without killing the host, up to very complex ones, which include such elements, as ecological, metabolic, and physiological relations between the parasite and its host, expressed in the host-parasite interdependence. Currently about 30 - 50% (according to different calculations) of protozoans and animals lead a parasitic mode of life. They originate from almost all groups of living creatures, but among animals the parasitic species are most abundant in invertebrates. They may belong to all parasitologic taxa at various levels (from type to genus), or are dispersed within different taxa together with free-living organisms. The hosts of parasites originate usually from the taxons of a higer systematic level. In consequence, the richest parasite fauna is recorded in vertebrates, especially in birds. According to their role in the life cycle of parasites, they are called intermediate (hosting larvae or asexual generations of Protozoa and Metazoa) or final (definitive) hosts (harbouring adult forms of Metazoa or sexual generations of Protozoa). Any host-parasite relationship can be established when some ecological, metabolic and immunological factors allow the infective stages of a parasite to colonize the potential host. These reciprocal adaptations were elaborated during a long natural selection and continual 'armaments race' between hosts and their parasites. This is the reason that in evolutionary 'young' host-parasite relationship (as for example in the case of human parasites), the parasites are often pathogenic for their hosts. As in some unfavourable conditions the host kills their parasites, or the parasites kill their host, either partner plays a great role in maintainig the demographic equilibrium between the components of biocenosis.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2005
• Volume: 54
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 5-20

Dates

published

2005

Contributors

author

Teresa Pojmańska

• Instytut Parazytologii im. W. Stefańskiego PAN, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Polska

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