Wpływ uproszczenia zbiorowisk roślinności łąkowej na biologię gleby i procesy rozkładu materii. Bioindykacyjna rola fauny glebowej

• Authors: Lucyna Wasilewska

Title variants

EN

Influence of simplification of meadows plant agglomerations on soil biology and decomposition processes. Bioindicative role of soil fauna

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

Summary Species diversity of plants declines recently in many ecosystems. Searching for the reasons of this phenomenon was the subject of our study. The main study area was located in North-Eastern Poland on the meadows within the Suwałki Landscape Park and its buffer zone, and supplemented by studies in other places. The results presented were collected during long-term interdisciplinary studies, consisting of observations, collecting samples, laboratory analyses and mesocosm experiments. The recognition of functional significance of sward species richness was done through analysis of differences in soil invertebrate communities and of the decomposition pattern in meadows at different stages in secondary succession. Sward species richness increased with increased age of meadows, from young meadows (grass monocultures) to permanent meadows (about 30 plant species). The role of animals in the transformation of organic substances and in the nutrient storage was also investigated. We concluded that it would be reasonable to increase the area of old leys and permanent meadows for more efficient regeneration of organic matter in cultivated soils. Any detrimental effect to soil biodiversity becomes evident above ground in the form of changes in the habitat. Biological indicators appear to provide an integrated measure of the severity of impact of these effects on soil. The maturity index (MI) provides a measure of successive maturity. Considering pollution and perturbations in an ecosystem as distortions of the natural process of succession, facilitates assessment of the quality of environment differing in the vegetation type, plant age, management regime and the temporal effect of stress. Thus, it becomes possible to evaluate the return to the previous state following the disappearance of an induced stress. Examples of using maturity index in evaluating biodiversity in our studies are presented.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2003
• Volume: 52
• Issue: 2-3
• Pages: 357-364

Dates

published

2003

Contributors

author

Lucyna Wasilewska

• Centrum Badań Ekologicznych PAN (dawniej Instytut Ekologii PAN), Konopnickiej 1, 05-092 Łomianki Dziekanów Leśny, Polska

References

• BOGDANOWICZ L., SZANSER M., 1997. The decomposition rate of Dactylis glomerata grass littter in meadow ecosystems differing in age and management. Ekol. Pol. 45, 647-663.
• BONGERS T., 1990. The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia 83, 14-19.
• CHAPIN III F. S., ZAWALETA E. S., EVINER V. T.,NAYLOR R. L., VITOUSEK P. M., REYNOLDS M. L., HOOPER D. V., LAVOREL S., Sala O. E., HOBBIE E., MACK M. C., DZIAZ S., 2000 Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 405, 234-242.
• COLEMAN D. C., HENDRIX P. F. (red.) 2000. Invertebrates as webmasters in ecosystems. CABI Publishing. HĹGVAR S., 1998. The relevance of the Rio-Convention on biodiversity to conserving the biodiversity of soils. Appl. Soil Ecology 9, 1-8.
• KACZMAREK M., KAJAK A., 1997. Microarthropods and decomposition processes in meadows of various plant species richness. Ekol. Pol.45, 795-813.
• KACZMAREK M., KAJAK A., WASILEWSKA L., 1995. Interactions between diversity of grassland vegetation, soil fauna and decomposition processes. Acta Zool. Fennica 196, 236-238.
• KAJAK A.,MAKULEC G., BOGDANOWICZ L., CHMIELEWSKI K., KACZMAREK M., KUSIŃSKA A., ŁAKOMIEC I., 1991. Experimental studies on the decomposition of Dactylis glomerata L. grass litter on meadows varying in the complexity of vegetation. Ekol. Pol. 39, 113-134.
• KAJAK A.,MAKULEC G.,WASILEWSKA L., 1995. Influence of plant diversity on soil organisms and soil processes in grasslands. 2. Field and lysimetric experiments [W:] Functioning and dynamics of natural and perturbed ecosystems, BELLAN D., BONIN G., EMIG C. (red.). Lavoisier Publishing, Paris, 454-467.
• KAJAK A.,WASILEWSKA L., 1991. Różnorodność roslinności i jej konsekwencje dla ekosystemu łąkowego - Różnowiekowe łąki Suwalszczyzny. Wyd. SGGW, Warszawa.
• KAJAK A.,WASILEWSKA L., 1996. Różnorodność gatunkowa organizmów a przebieg rozkładu materii w glebach uprawnych. [W:] Różnorodność biologiczna: pojęcia, oceny, zagadnienia ochrony i kształtowania. Zeszyty Naukowe Komitetu 'Człowiek i Środowisko' 15, 129-144.
• KAJAK A., WASILEWSKA L., 1997a. Changes in meadow ecosystems as consequence of secondary succession and plant diversity (synthesis of research). Ekol. Pol. 45, 839-859.
• KAJAK A., WASILEWSKA L., 1997b. Plant and animal diversity, succession and decomposition processes in grasslands: case studies in Suwałki Landscape Park (North-Eastern Poland). Pol. J. Ecol. 45, 3-4.
• KUSIŃSKA A., 1991. Substancja organiczna w glebie pod uproszczonym i wielogatunkowym zbiorowiskiem łąkowym w 3-letnich badaniach lizymetrycznych. Sprawozdanie z badań Centralnego Programu Badań Podstawowych 04.10, maszynopis, Instytut Ekologii PAN.
• KUSIŃSKA A., 1997. Humification of grass litter on age-differentiated meadows in the Suwałki Landscape Park (North-Eastern Poland). Ekol. Pol. 45, 665-671.
• MAKULEC G., 1997. Density and biomass of earthworms (Lumbricidae) on leys and permanent meadows. Ekol. Pol. 45, 815-823.
• MAKULEC G., KUSIŃSKA. A.,1995.The role of earthworms in humus formation on grasslands. Acta Zool. Fennica 196, 80-82.
• MAKULEC G., KUSIŃSKA A., 1997. The role of earthworms (Lumbricidae) in transformations of organic matter and in the nutrient cycling in the soils of ley meadows and permanent meadows. Ekol. Pol. 45, 825-837.
• MAKULEC G., PILIPIUK I., 2000.Influence of plant diversity and earthworm casts on the abundance and species composition of the enchytraeids (Oligachaeta: Enchytraeidae) in a lysimetric experiment. Pol. J. Ecol. 48, 185-193.
• OLEJNICZAK I., 2000. Effect of simplification of grass cultures and soil conditions on Collembola (Apterygota) communities in a lysimetric experiment. Pol. J. Ecol. 48, 209-224.
• PANKHURST C., DOUBE B.,M., GUPTA V. V. S. R., (red.) 1997. Biological indicators of soil health. CAB International.
• PAOLETTI M. G., (red.) (1999, 2001). Invertebrate biodiversity as indicator of sustainable landscapes (Practical use of invertebrates to assess sustainable land use). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Tokyo.
• PAWŁAT H., MAKULEC G., 1991. Wpływ uproszczonego i wielogatunkowego zbiorowiska łąkowego na bilans azotu i składników mineralnych w ekosystemie. Sprawozdanie z badań Centralnego Programu Badań Podstawowych 04.10, maszynopis Insytut Ekologii PAN.
• PETROV P., 1997. The reactions of communities of oribatid mites to plant succession on meadows. Ekol. Pol. 45, 781-793
• PETROV P., 2000. Przemiany w zespołach mechowców (Acari, Oribatida) zasiedlających glebę i ściółkę na tle sukcesji roślinności łąkowej. Praca Doktorska, Instytut Ekologii PAN.
• PIANKA E., R., 1970. On r- and K-selection. AmericanNaturalist 104, 592-597.
• SIEGEL S., 1956. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York, Toronto, London.
• STANUSZEK S., 1997. Species composition, functional groups and structure of the saprophagous nematodes of age-differing grasslands in a postglacial region (Suwałki Landscape Park, North-Eastern Poland). Ekol. Pol. 45, 733-754.
• STEFANIAK O., ŚLIZAK W., GORLACH K.,1997. Microflora colonizing grass litter exposed in bags on differently- aged meadows. Ekol. Pol 45, 695-708.
• WASILEWSKA L. 1992. Participation of soil nematodes in grass litter decomposition under diverse biocenotic conditions of meadows. Ekol. Pol. 40, 75-100.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1994a. The effect of age of meadows on succession and diversity in soil nematode communities. Pedobiologia 38, 1-11.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1994b . Changes in biotic indices in meadow ecosystems after drainage of fens [W:] 'Conservation and management of fens'. Proc. Intern. Symp. June 6-10, 1994, Warsaw - Biebrza, Poland - Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming in Falenty, 407-416.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1995a. Nicienie glebowe jako wskaźniki procesów ekologicznych. Przegląd Zoologiczny 39, 203 - 212.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1995b. Differences in development of soil nematode communities in single- and multispecies grass experimental treatments. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2, 53-64.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1996. The influence of acid rain on soil nematode communities: a comparison of contaminated habitats in the belt of the Karkonosze and Izerskie Mountains (South-West Poland) with uncontaminated areas in other regions of Poland. Ekol. Pol. 44, 73-110.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1997a. Soil invertebrates as bioindicators, with special reference to soil-inhabiting nematodes. Russ. J. Nematol. 5, 113-126.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1997b. The relationship between the diversity of soil nematode communities and the plant species richness of meadows. Ekol. Pol. 45, 719-732.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1998. Changes in the proportions of groups of bacterivorous soil nematodes with different life strategies in relation to environmental conditions. Appl. Soil Ecol. 9, 215-220.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1999a. Soil nematode response to root production in grasslands on fen peat soils. Pol. J. Ecol. 47, 231-246.
• WASILEWSKA L., 1999b.Wykorzystanie znajomości ekologii nicieni glebowych dla ocen odkształcenia i degradacji środowiska naturalnego. Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody 18, 19-27.
• WASILEWSKA L., 2000. The effect of macroarthropods patrolling soil surface on soil nematodes: a field experiment in a mown meadow. Pol. J. Ecol. 48, 327-338.
• WASILEWSKA L., 2002. Post drainage secondary succession of soil nematodes on fen peat meadows in Biebrza Wetlands, Poland. Pol. J. Ecol. 50, 269-300.
• WASILEWSKA L., KAJAK A., 1995. Influence of plant diversity on soil organisms and soil processes in grasslands. Field study. [W:]: Functioning and dynamics of natural and perturbed ecosystems. BELLAN D., BONIN G., EMIG C. (red.). Lavoisier Publishing, Paris, 439-453.