Relations Between Hole Volume and Macroscopic Volume in Various Polymers

• Authors: G. Dlubek , M. Alam , K. Saarinen , J. Stejny , H. Fretwell
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Different definitions of the free volumes are discussed and related to the total specific volume and to the local free (hole) volume. Positron lifetime measurements are reported for polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and CR39-copolymers. Two long-lived components appear in polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, which were attributed to o-Ps annihilations in crystalline regions and in holes of the amorphous phase. From a relation between the coefficients of the thermal expansion of macroscopic and hole volume, the fractional hole volume h and from this the number of holes, N, is estimated. Values of T_{g}=195 K, h_{g}=4.5% (polyethylene) and 5.7% (polytetrafluoroethylene) and N_{g}=0.73 nm^{-3} (polyethylene) and 0.36 nm^{-3} (polytetrafluoroethylene) were obtained. In semicrystalline polymers these values agree with estimates obtained from the densities of the crystalline and amorphous phases. The effect of cross-linking on the free-volume properties of CR39-copolymer networks was studied. The comparison of the hole volume with the specific volume allowed us to estimate the number density of holes to ≈1 nm^{-3}.

Keywords

EN

61.41.+e; 65.70.+y; 78.70.-g

Discipline

• 61.41.+e: Polymers, elastomers, and plastics(see also 81.05.Lg in materials science; for rheology of polymers, see section 83; for polymer reactions and polymerization, see 82.35.-x in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
• 78.70.-g: Interactions of particles and radiation with matter

• Publisher: Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Journal: Acta Physica Polonica A
• Year: 1999
• Volume: 95
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 521-526

Dates

published

1999-04

Contributors

author

G. Dlubek

• ITA Institut für Innovative Technologien GmbH, Köthen, Aussenstelle Halle, Edvard-Grieg-Weg 8, 06124 Halle (S.), Germany
• H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, U.K.

author

M. Alam

• H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, U.K.

author

K. Saarinen

• Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1000, 02150 HUT, Finland

author

J. Stejny

• H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, U.K.

author

H. Fretwell

• H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, U.K.

Identifiers

DOI

10.12693/APhysPolA.95.521