EN
Structure changes in laser constituted surface layers of aluminium alloys of the systems: Al-Zn, Al-Fe, Al-Fe-Ni, Al-Si were examined. Significant structure refinements and even formation of characteristic precipitates for rapidly quenched microstructure were found. Fine martensitic microstructure was observed in constructional steels of the types: X45CrSi92 (H9S2) and C50 (50G) subject to a laser modification. The study of influence of the chemical composition on the solidification structure and hardness was carried out on a steel 45, as well as on a high speed steel M2 (SW7M), by laser alloying using carbides of the types: VC, Mo_{2}C and the borides of the types: CrB, VB_{2}, B_{4}C. Thermodynamic calculations of phase diagrams were made to predict the changes of the constitution due to laser alloying. A comparison of the solidification structures and the calculated phase diagrams revealed a good agreement, especially for carbides. Boride alloying led to very complex microstructures consisting of various metallic and intermetallic phases.