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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to characterize the surface chemistry and electronic properties of the Zn_{1-x}Cd_{x}O semiconductor systems obtained at the different growth conditions. The effect of the growth conditions on the core and valence band spectra as well as room-temperature photoluminescence of the Zn_{1-x}Cd_{x}O films was investigated and discussed. Behavior of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy peaks indicated an increase of the cadmium and a depletion of the oxygen concentrations upon changing the Ar/O_2 gas ratio and dc power.