Purinergic signaling in the pancreas and the therapeutic potential of ecto-nucleotidases in diabetes

• Authors: Marek Cieślak , Katarzyna Roszek
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

It is widely accepted that purinergic signaling is involved in the regulation of functions of all known tissues and organs. Extracellular purines activate two classes of receptors, P1-adenosine receptors and P2-nucleotide receptors, in a concentration-dependent manner. Ecto-enzymes metabolizing nucleotides outside the cell are involved in the termination of the nucleotide signaling pathway through the release of ligands from their receptors. The pancreas is a central organ in nutrient and energy homeostasis with endocrine, exocrine and immunoreactive functions. The disturbances in cellular metabolism in diabetes mellitus lead also to changes in concentrations of intra- and extracellular nucleotides. Purinergic receptors P1 and P2 are present on the pancreatic islet cells as well as on hepatocytes, adipocytes, pancreatic blood vessels and nerves. The ATP-dependent P2X receptor activation on pancreatic β-cells results in a positive autocrine signal and subsequent insulin secretion. Ecto-NTPDases play the key role in regulation of extracellular ATP concentration. These enzymes, in cooperation with 5'-nucleotidase can significantly increase ecto-adenosine concentration. It has been demonstrated that adenosine, through activation of P1 receptors present on adipocytes and pancreatic islets cells, inhibits the release of insulin. Even though we know for 50 years about the regulatory role of nucleotides in the secretion of insulin, an integrated understanding of the involvement of purinergic signaling in pancreas function is still required. This comprehensive review presents our current knowledge about purinergic signaling in physiology and pathology of the pancreas as well as its potential therapeutic relevance in diabetes.

Keywords

EN

ATP; adenosine; pancreas; diabetes mellitus; P-type receptors; ecto-nucleotidases

• Publisher: Polish Biochemical Society
• Journal: Acta Biochimica Polonica
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 61
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 655-662

Dates

published

2014

received

2014-02-25

revised

2014-05-26

accepted

2014-12-12

(unknown)

2014-12-19

Contributors

author

Marek Cieślak

• Neurology Department, Regional Polyclinical Hospital in Toruń, Toruń, Poland

author

Katarzyna Roszek

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland

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