Full-text resources of PSJD and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


Preferences help
enabled [disable] Abstract
Number of results
2011 | 51 | 1 | 80-90

Article title

Be a Sedentary Confucian Gentlemen: The Construction of Anti-Physical Culture by Chinese Dynasts using Confucianism and the Civil Service Examination

Authors

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Although there has been a growing body of research that explores Chinese masculinities within imperial China, the connection between masculinity and physical culture has been neglected. In this article, the author argues that Chinese emperors used Confucianism and the civil service examination (keju) to rule the country, and at the same time, created a social group of sedentary gentlemen whose studiousness and bookishness were worshiped by the public. In particular, the political institution of keju played a crucial role in disciplining the body. Behavior that did not conform to the Confucian standards which stressed civility and education were considered barbaric. As a result, a wen-version of masculinity was constructed. In other words, an anti-physical culture that strengthened the gross contempt towards those who chose to engage in physical labor.

Publisher

Year

Volume

51

Issue

1

Pages

80-90

Physical description

Dates

published
1 - 6 - 2011
online
21 - 6 - 2011

Contributors

author
  • National Taiwan College of Physical Education, Taiwan

References

  • Birdwhistell, J. D. (2007). Mencius and masculinities: Dynamics of power, morality and maternal thinking. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Bo, Y. [real name Y. Guo]. (2006). Xiaren de guocui jiaoyu /The quintessence of horrible education/. Shanxi: Beiyue wenyi chuban she.
  • Bresciani, U. (2001). Reinventing Confucianism: The New Confucian Movement. Taipei: Taipei Ricci Institute.
  • Cai, Z. (1993). Riju shidai taiwan bangqiu yundong fanzhan guocheng zhi yanjiu: Yi 1895 (Minzhi 28) nian zhi 1926 (Dazheng 15) nina wei zhongxin. Taipei: Taiwan Normal University, unpublished Masters dissertation.
  • Confucius (annotated by Xi Zhu and Boqian Jiang) (1960). Yuyi guangjie sishu duben: Lunyu /Annotating and interpreting the Four Books: Analects/. Taipei: Qiming.
  • Confucius (annotated and translated by B. Yang and D. Liu) (2009). Confucius: The Analects. Taipei: Lianjing.
  • Crossley, P. K. (1999). A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Dikotter, F. (1992). The Discourse of Race in Modern China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Downing, K. (2008) The gentleman boxer: BoxiNg, manners, and masculinity in eighteenth-century England. Men and Masculinities. Retreived from July 11, 2009, from
  • Elias, N., Dunning, E. (1986). Quest for excitement: sport and leisure in the civilizing process. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Elman, B. A. (2000). A cultural history of civil examinations in late imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Fu, X. (1994). Tangdai keju yu wenxue /Civil service examination and literature in Tang dynasty/. Taipei: Wenshi chuban she.
  • Gernet, J. (translated by J. R. Foster) (1982). A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gu, Y. (1976). Rizhi lu /Daily accumulation of knowledge/. Vol. 19. Taipei: Minglun chuban she.
  • Guo, Q. (1994). Zhongguo gudai koushi zhidu /The examination system of ancient China/. Taipei: Taiwan shangwu.
  • He, Z. (2006). Keju yu songdai shehui /Civil service examination and Song dynasty/. Beijing: Shangwu yinshu guan.
  • Holt, R. (1989). Sport and the British: A Modern History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Horton, P. (2001). Complex Creolization: The evolution of modern sport in Singapore. Sport History Review, 3, 77-104.
  • Jin, G., Liu, Q. (1994). Xingsheng yu weiji: Lun zhongguo shehui chao wending jiegou /Prosperity and crisis: The super stable structure of Chinese society/. Taipei: Fengyun shidai chuban.
  • Jin, Y. (1991). Zhongguo xiandai hua yu zhishi fenzi /China's modernization and its intellectuals/. Taipei: Shibao wenhua.
  • Kang, Y. (1993). Lunyu shiyi /Interpretations of Analects/. Gaoxiong: Liwen.
  • Li, S. (1999). Zhongguo rujiao shi /The history of Chinese Confucianism/. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chuban she.
  • Li, X. (1995). Zhongguo keju zhidu shi /The history of civil service examination in China/. Taipei: Wenjin chuban she.
  • Liu, H., Li, B. (2006). Zhongguo keju shi /The history of civil service examination in China/. 2nd ed. Shanghai: Dongfang chuban zhongxin.
  • Liu, H. (1992). Zhongguo xuanshi zhidu shi /The selection system of officials in China/. Hunan: Hunan jiaoyu chuban she.
  • Liu, Z. (1977). Qingdai keju /Civil service examination in Qing dynasty/. Taipei: Dongda tushu.
  • Louie, K. (2002). Theorising Chinese masculinity: Society and gender in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mandarin Chinese Mini Dictionary. Retrieved July 5, 2009, from World Wide Web:
  • Mangan, J. A. (1998). The Games Ethic and Imperialism: Aspects of the Diffusion of an Ideal. 2nd ed. London: Frank Cass.
  • Marshall, D. B. (2009). A canoe and a tent and God's great out-of-doors: Muscular Christianity and the flight from domesticity, 1890s-1930s. In H. Ellis and J. Meyer (Eds.), Masculinity and the other: Historical perspectives. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
  • Mencius (annotated by Xi Zhu and Boqian Jiang) (1960). Yuyi guangjie sishu duben: Mengzi /Annotating and interpreting the Four Books: Mencius/. Taipei: Qiming.
  • Merson, J. (1990). The Genius That Was China: East and West in the Making of the Modern World. New York: Overlook Press.
  • Miyazaki, I. (1981). China's examination hell: The civil service examinations of Imperial China. Translated by Conrad Schirokauer. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Money, T. (1997). Manly & Muscular Diversions: Public Schools and the Nineteenth-Century Sporting Revival. London: Duckworth.
  • Putney, C. (2001). Muscular Christianity: Manhood and sports in Protestant America, 1990-1920. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Song, G. (2004). The fragile scholar: Power and masculinity in Chinese culture. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Taiwan ribao /Taiwan Daily/.
  • Terrill, R. (2003). The new Chinese empire: And what it means for the United States. New York: Basic Books.
  • Tu, W. M. (1996). Confucian traditions in east Asian modernity: Moral education and economic culture in Japan and the four mini-dragons. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Wang, R. (2007). Zhongguo keju koushi yu shehui yingxiang /Chinese civil service examination system and its impacts/. Changsha: Yuelu shushe.
  • Wang, Y. (2002). Keju zhidu yu shehui fengqi /Civil service examination and social atmosphere/. In Wang, Bingzhao and Yong Xu (Eds), Zhongguo keju zhidu yanjiu /The research of Chinese civil service examination/. Shijiazhuang: Hebei chuban she.
  • Xiao, Q. (1999). Yuanchao shi xinlun /New essays on history of Yuan dynasty/. Taipei: Yunchen wenhua.
  • Xue, R. (2004). Jindai keju /Civil service examination in Jin dynasty/. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chuban she.
  • Yang, X., Zhu, C., Zhang, H. (1992). Zhongguo koushi zhidu shi ziliao xuanbian /The selected papers on Chinese examination system/. Hefei: Huangshan shushe.
  • Yi, S. M. (translated by L. Han) (1993). Gaoli chaoxian liangchao de keju zhidu /The civil service examination system in Georyo and Chosun dynasties/. Beijing: Beijing daxue chuban she.
  • Yu, J. (2007). Playing in Isolation: A History of Baseball in Taiwan. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Zeng, K. (1999). Dragon gate: Competitive examinations and their consequences. London: Cassell.
  • Zhao, H. (1996). Liuchao shehui wenhua xintai /Social and cultural psychology during six dynasties/. Taipei: Wenjin.
  • Zhao, J. (1976). Lunyu xintan /New research on Analects/. Beijing: Renmin chuban she.
  • Zhao, Z. (1995). Mingdai xuexiao yu keju zhidu yanjiu /The research of school education and civil service examination in Ming dynasty/. Beijing: Yanshan chuban she.
  • Zhao, T. (1975). Changzhong xiyu yundong de huiyi /The memory of physical education and sport at Changrong high school/. Tainan: Changrong High School.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_2478_v10141-011-0004-x
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.