The Effects of Muscle Strengthening on Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Dynamics in A Squat Jump: A Simulation Study

• Authors: Przemyslaw Prokopow
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the effects of muscle strengthening in a vertical squat jump based on a neuro-musculo-skeletal model and a forward dynamics simulation. Methods. During simulation trials, 16 major muscle groups of the lower extremities were gradually strengthened up to 20%. Results. Complex yet systematic deviations in body kinematics, kinetics and the neural control pattern were observed as a result of gradual muscle strengthening. Conclusions. Based on the generated results it was concluded that: (i) the pattern of kinematical changes depends on which muscles are strengthened, while the magnitude of the changes depends on how much the muscles are strengthened. (ii) Adjustment of muscle coordination, in some cases, can be performed without adjustment of neural control. (iii) The adjustment of neural control is done in an adaptive manner. (iv) Inter-segmental coordination is further altered if a smaller number of muscles are strengthened. (v) The main effect of equally strengthening all the muscles is an increase in joint torque, which is proportional to the increase in muscle strength.

Keywords

EN

muscle strengthening; squat jump; simulation; neural control; motion mechanics

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Human Movement
• Year: 2011
• Volume: 12
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 307-314

Dates

published

1 - 12 - 2011

online

25 - 12 - 2011

Contributors

author

Przemyslaw Prokopow

• Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Japan

References

• Pandy M. G., Zajac F. E., Sim E., Levine W. S., An optimal control model for maximum-height human jumping. J Biomech, 1990, 23 (12), 1185-1198.[Crossref][PubMed]
• Malisoux L., Francaux M., Nielens H., Theisen D., Stretch-shortening cycle exercises: an effective training paradigm to enhance power output of human single muscle fibres. J Appl Physiol, 2006, 100, 771-779, doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01027.2005.[Crossref]
• Komi P. V., Viitasalo J. T., Rauramaa R., Vihko V., Effect of isometric strength training of mechanical, electrical, and metabolic aspects of muscle function. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 1978, 40 (1), 45-55, doi: 10.1007/BF00420988.[Crossref][PubMed]
• Maffiuletti N. A., Dugnani S., Folz M., Di Pierno E., Mauro F., Effect of combined electrostimulation and plyometric training on vertical jump height. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2002, 34 (10), 1638-1644.[PubMed][Crossref]
• Hewett T. E., Stroupe A. L., Nance T. A., Noyes F. R., Plyometric training in female athletes. Decreased impact forces and increased hamstring torques. Am J Sports Med, 1996, 24 (6), 765-773, doi: 10.1177/036354659602400611.[Crossref][PubMed]
• Bobbert M. F., van Soest A. J., Effects of muscle strengthening on vertical jumps: a simulation study. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1994, 26 (8), 1012-1020.[PubMed]
• Nagano A., Gerritsen K. G. M., Effects of neuro-muscular strength training on vertical jumping performance - a computer simulation study. J Appl Biomech, 2001, 17 (2), 27-42, 113-128.
• Zajac F. E., Understanding muscle coordination of the human leg with dynamical simulations. J Biomech, 2002, 35 (8), 1011-1018, doi: 10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00046-5.[Crossref][PubMed]
• Nagano A., A computer simulation study on the potential locomotor patterns of Australopithecus afarensis (A. L. 288-1). PhD. [doctoral dissertation], Arizona State University, Arizona 2001.
• Prokopow P., Szyniszewski S., Pomorski K., The effects of changes in the timing of muscle activation on jump height: A simulation study. Hum Mov, 2005, 2 (12), 116-123.
• Prokopow P., Pomorski K., Simulation study of the importance of biarticular muscles on human vertical jump performance. Int J Exp Comput Biomech, 2011, 1 (4), 333-342, doi: 10.1504/IJECB.2011.039945.[Crossref]
• Anderson F. C., Pandy M. G., A dynamic optimization solution for vertical jumping in three dimensions. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 1999, 2 (3), 201-231, doi: 10.1080/10255849908907988.[Crossref][PubMed]
• Riener R., Edrich T., Identification of passive elastic joint moments in the lower extremities. J Biomech, 1999, 32, 539-544, doi: 10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00009-3.[Crossref][WoS]
• Delp S. L., Surgery simulation: a computer graphics system to analyze and design musculoskeletal reconstructions of the lower limb [doctoral dissertation], Stanford University, California, 1990.
• Friederich J. A., Brand R. A., Muscle fibre architecture in the human lower limb. J Biomech, 1990, 23 (1), 91-95, doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(90)90373-B.[Crossref]
• Wickiewicz T. L., Roy R. R., Powell P. L., Edgerton V. R., Muscle architecture of the human lower limb. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1983, 179, 275-283.
• Brand R. A., Pedersen D. R., Friederich J. A., The sensitivity of muscle force predictions to changes in physiologic cross-sectional area. J Biomech, 1986, 19 (8), 589-596, doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(86)90164-8.[PubMed][Crossref]
• Winters J. M., Stark L., Estimated mechanical properties of synergistic muscles involved in movements of a variety of human joints. J Biomech, 1988, 21 (12), 1027-1042, doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(88)90249-7.[PubMed][Crossref]
• Bremermann H., A method of unconstrained global optimization. Math Biosci, 1970, 9, 1-15, doi: 10.1016/0025-5564(70)90087-8.[Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/v10038-011-0034-6