The predictors of cholelithiasis in female patients with metabolic syndrome

• Authors: Doina-Clementina Cojocaru , Florin Mitu , Cristina Dascălu , Alina Manole , Corina Dima-Cozma
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Cholesterol gallstone disease is often associated with the metabolic syndrome. Female gender is an unmodifiable risk factor for cholelithiasis and, in its turn, the metabolic syndrome features a sexual dimorphism which warns that a global approach might overlook important discrimination. We carried out a retrospective analytical case-control study in order to perform a comparative analysis between two groups of female patients with metabolic syndrome and gallstones (n=60) or without gallstones (n=65). All the patients were investigated by abdominal ultrasound and met at least three criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Cases and controls were compared regarding anthropometric measurements, a complex lipid profile, and liver function tests. The risks associated with the likelihood of gallstones were estimated by means of cross-tabulation. In order to rank the significant variables we developed a binary logistic regression model which identified lean body weight ≤ 46.44 kg (OR 0.165; 95% CI 0.045–0.611; P = 0.007), total cholesterol ≥ 4.9 mmol/L (OR 15.948; 95% CI 2.700–94.205; P = 0.002), and direct bilirubin > 5.1 µmol/L (OR 0.056; 95% CI 0.013–0.235; P < 0.001), as variables with significant probability of association with the risk of gallstones in women with metabolic syndrome.

Keywords

EN

Gallstones; Metabolic syndrome; Female

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Open Medicine
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 108-114

Dates

published

1 - 2 - 2014

online

4 - 2 - 2014

Contributors

author

Doina-Clementina Cojocaru

author

Florin Mitu

author

Cristina Dascălu

author

Alina Manole

author

Corina Dima-Cozma

References

• [1] Shaffer E.A., Gallstone disease: Epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease, Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol., 2006, 20(6), 981–996 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2006.05.004[Crossref]
• [2] Méndez-Sánchez N., Chavez-Tapia N.C., Motola-Kuba D., Sanchez-Lara K., Ponciano-Rodríguez G., Baptista H., Ramos M.H., Uribe M., Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gallstone disease, World J. Gastoenterol., 2005, 11(11), 1653–1657
• [3] Grundy S.M., Cholesterol gallstones: a fellow traveler with metabolic syndrome? Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 80(1), 1–2
• [4] Alberti K.G., Eckel R.H., Grundy S.M., Zimmet P.Z., Cleeman J.I., Donato K.A., Fruchart J.C., James W.P., Loria C.M., Smith S.C. Jr., Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome. A joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association, Circulation, 2009, 120, 1640–1645 [Crossref]
• [5] Kuk J., Ardern C.I., Age and sex differences in the clustering of metabolic syndrome factors, Diabetes Care, 2010, 33, 2457–2461 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0942[Crossref]
• [6] Stinton L.M., Myers R.P., Shaffer E.A., Epidemiology of gallstones, Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am., 2010, 39(2), 157–169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.003[Crossref]
• [7] Lobo R.A., Metabolic syndrome after menopause and the role of hormones, Maturitas, 2008, 60, 10–18 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.02.008[WoS][Crossref]
• [8] Boland L.L., Folsom A.R., Rosamond W.D., Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Hyperinsulinemia dyslipidemia and obesity as risk factors for hospitalized gallbladder disease. A prospective study, Ann. Epidemiol., 2002, 12, 131–140 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00260-5[Crossref]
• [9] Mosteller, R.D., Simplified calculation of body surface area, N. Engl. J. Med., 1987, 317(17), 1098 (letter)
• [10] Morgan D.J., Bray K.M., Lean body mass as a predictor of drug dosage. Implications for drug therapy, Clin. Pharmacokinet., 1994, 26(4), 292–307 http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199426040-00005[Crossref]
• [11] Green B., Duffull S.B., What is the best size descriptor to use for pharmacokinetic studies in the obese? Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2004, 58(2), 119–133 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02157.x[Crossref]
• [12] Nam B.H., Kannel W.B., D’Agostino R.B., Search for an optimal atherogenic lipid risk profile: from the Framingham Study, Am. J. Cardiol., 2006, 97, 372–375 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.08.055[Crossref]
• [13] Millán J., Pintó X., Muñoz A., Zúñiga M., Rubiés-Prat J., Pallardo L.F., Masana L., Mangas A., Hernandez-Mijares A., Gonzalez-Santos P., Ascaso J.F., Pedro-Botet J., Lipoprotein ratios: Physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention, Vasc. Health Risk Manag., 2009, 5, 757–765
• [14] Kahn H.S., The Lipid Accumulation Product Is Better Than BMI for Identifying Diabetes. A population-based comparison, Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(1), 151–153 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-1805[Crossref]
• [15] McLaughlin T., Reaven G., Abbasi F., Lamendola C., Saad M., Waters D., Simon J., Krauss R.M., Is there a simple way to identify insulin-resistant individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease? Am. J. Cardiol., 2005, 96(3), 399–404 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.085[Crossref]
• [16] Ruhl C.E., Everhart J.E., Association of diabetes, serum insulin, and C-peptide with gallbladder disease, Hepatology, 2000, 31(2), 299–303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.510310206[Crossref]
• [17] Tsai C.J., Leitzmann M.F., Willett W.C., Giovannucci E.L., Prospective study of abdominal adiposity and gallstone disease in US men, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 80(1), 38–44
• [18] Chen L.Y., Qiao Q.H., Zhang S.C., Chen Y.H., Chao G.Q., Fang L.Z., Metabolic syndrome and gallstone disease, World J. Gastroenterol., 2012, 18(31), 4215–4220 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i31.4215[Crossref]
• [19] Sporea I., Goldis M., Mateoc A., Echographic screening concerning the incidence of gallstones in a general population, Gastroenterol., 1993, 104, A379
• [20] Acalovschi M., Pascu M., Iobagiu S., Petrescu M., Olinici C.D., Increasing gallstones prevalence and cholecystectomy rate in a large Romanian town, Dig. Dis. Sci., 1995, 40, 2582–2586 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220445[Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/s11536-013-0255-5