Simvastatin attenuates the lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammatory response of rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by downregulating toll-like receptor 4 expression
Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai cancer center; Department of oncology, Shanghai medical college, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
References
[1] Doyle RL, Szaflarski N, Modin GW, Wiener-Kronish JP, Matthay MA. Identification of patients with acute lung injury. Predictors of mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152(6 Pt 1): 1818–1824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520742[Crossref]
[2] Wu JS, Sheng L, Wang SH, et al. The impact of clinical risk factors in the conversion from acute lung injury to acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe multiple trauma patients. J Int Med Res 2008;36(3): 579–586 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000803600325[WoS][Crossref]
[4] Branger J, Knapp S, Weijer S, et al. Role of Tolllike receptor 4 in gram-positive and gram-negative pneumonia in mice. Infect Immun 2004;72(2): 788–794 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.2.788-794.2004[Crossref]
[5] Basu S, Fenton MJ. Toll-like receptors: function and roles in lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004;286(5): L887–892 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00323.2003[Crossref]
[6] Pan ZK. Toll-like receptors and TLR-mediated signaling: more questions than answers. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004;286(5): L918–920 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00381.2003[Crossref]
[7] Tobert JA. Lovastatin and beyond: the history of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003;2(7): 517–526 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1112[Crossref]
[8] Stancu C, Sima A. Statins: mechanism of action and effects. J Cell Mol Med 2001;5(4): 378–387 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00172.x[Crossref]
[9] Emanuele E, Geroldi D. A novel mechanism of action of atorvastatin against cardiovascular risk: a commentary on “decreased plasma soluble RAGE in patients with hypercholesterolemia: effects of statins”. Free Radic Biol Med 2007;43(9): 1231–1232 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.07.008[WoS][Crossref]
[10] Sundararaj KP, Samuvel DJ, Li Y, et al. Simvastatin suppresses LPS-induced MMP-1 expression in U937 mononuclear cells by inhibiting protein isoprenylation-mediated ERK activation. J Leukoc Biol 2008;84(4): 1120–1129 http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0108064[Crossref][WoS]
[11] Rudd JH, Myers KS, Bansilal S, et al. (18) Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation is highly reproducible: implications for atherosclerosis therapy trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(9): 892–896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.05.024[Crossref]
[12] Paoletti R, Gotto AM, Jr., Hajjar DP. Inflammation in atherosclerosis and implications for therapy. Circulation 2004;109(23 Suppl 1): III20–26
[13] Ryan US, White LA, Lopez M, Ryan JW. Use of microcarriers to isolate and culture pulmonary microvascular endothelium. Tissue Cell 1982;14(3): 597–606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-8166(82)90050-7[Crossref]
[14] Ke AW, Shi GM, Zhou J, et al. CD151 amplifies signaling by integrin alpha6beta1 to PI3K and induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HCC cells. Gastroenterology 2011;140(5): 1629–1641 e15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.008[Crossref]
[15] Mogensen TH. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009;22(2): 240–273, Table of Contents http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00046-08[WoS][Crossref]
[16] Marshall HE, Potts EN, Kelleher ZT, Stamler JS, Foster WM, Auten RL. Protection from lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury by augmentation of airway S-nitrosothiols. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180(1): 11–18 http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200807-1186OC[Crossref]
[17] Andreakos E, Sacre SM, Smith C, et al. Distinct pathways of LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation and cytokine production in human myeloid and nonmyeloid cells defined by selective utilization of MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP. Blood 2004;103(6): 2229–2237 http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-04-1356[Crossref]
[18] Huber M, Kalis C, Keck S, et al. R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells. Eur J Immunol 2006;36(3): 701–711 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200535593
[19] Sohn EJ, Paape MJ, Connor EE, Bannerman DD, Fetterer RH, Peters RR. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine neutrophil production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12 and IFN-gamma. Vet Res 2007;38(6): 809–818 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2007033[Crossref][WoS]
[20] Jang CH, Choi JH, Byun MS, Jue DM. Chloroquine inhibits production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes/macrophages by different modes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45(6): 703–710 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kei282[Crossref]
[22] Laza-Stanca V, Stanciu LA, Message SD, Edwards MR, Gern JE, Johnston SL. Rhinovirus replication in human macrophages induces NF-kappaBdependent tumor necrosis factor alpha production. J Virol 2006;80(16): 8248–8258 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00162-06[Crossref]
[23] Li Y, Dinwiddie DL, Harrod KS, Jiang Y, Kim KC. Anti-inflammatory effect of MUC1 during respiratory syncytial virus infection of lung epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010;298(4): L558–563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00225.2009[Crossref]
[24] Bereswill S, Munoz M, Fischer A, et al. Antiinflammatory effects of resveratrol, curcumin and simvastatin in acute small intestinal inflammation. PLoS One 2010;5(12): e15099 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015099[Crossref][WoS]
[25] Jahovic N, Gedik N, Ercan F, et al. Effects of statins on experimental colitis in normocholesterolemic rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006;41(8): 954–962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365520600554444[Crossref]
[26] Hsu HH, Ko WJ, Hsu JY, et al. Simvastatin ameliorates established pulmonary hypertension through a heme oxygenase-1 dependent pathway in rats. Respir Res 2009;10: 32 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-10-32[Crossref][WoS]
[27] Hothersall E, McSharry C, Thomson NC. Potential therapeutic role for statins in respiratory disease. Thorax 2006;61(8): 729–734 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2005.057976[Crossref]
[28] Xiao J, Wang K, Feng YL, Chen XR, Xu D, Zhang MK. Role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in cigarette smoke-induced mucus hypersecretion in a rat model. Chin Med J (Engl) 2011;124(20): 3327–3333