Clinical characteristics and follow-up of incidentally found adrenal tumours - results from a single tertiary centre

• Authors: Vladimir Vasilev , Joanna Matrozova , Atanaska Elenkova , Sabina Zacharieva
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Keywords

EN

Adrenal incidentaloma; Cushing’s syndrome; Pheochromocytoma; Primary aldosteronism

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Open Medicine
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 292-301

Dates

published

1 - 4 - 2014

online

13 - 2 - 2014

Contributors

author

Vladimir Vasilev

• Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University, Zdrave 2 St., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria

author

Joanna Matrozova

• Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University, Zdrave 2 St., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria

author

Atanaska Elenkova

• Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University, Zdrave 2 St., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria

author

Sabina Zacharieva

• Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, Medical University, Zdrave 2 St., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria

References

• [1] Barzon L, Sonino N, Fallo F, Palu G, Boscaro M. Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149(4):273–285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1490273[Crossref]
• [2] Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, Korobkin M, Shapiro B. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Rev. 1995;16(4):460–484 [PubMed]
• [3] Prinz RA, Brooks MH, Churchill R, et al. Incidental asymptomatic adrenal masses detected by computed tomographic scanning. Is operation required? JAMA. 1982;248(6):701–704 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1982.03330060041031[Crossref]
• [4] Herrera MF, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Sheedy PF, Ilstrup DM. Incidentally discovered adrenal tumors: an institutional perspective. Surgery. 1991;110(6):1014–1021 [PubMed]
• [5] Caplan RH, Strutt PJ, Wickus GG. Subclinical hormone secretion by incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Arch Surg. 1994;129(3):291–296 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1994.01420270067016[Crossref]
• [6] Bovio S, Cataldi A, Reimondo G, et al. Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29(4):298–302 [Crossref]
• [7] Aron D, Terzolo M, Cawood TJ. Adrenal incidentalomas. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;26(1):69–82 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2011.06.012[Crossref]
• [8] NIH state-of-the-science statement on management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass (“incidentaloma”). NIH Consens State Sci Statements. 2002;19(2):1–25
• [9] Terzolo M, Stigliano A, Chiodini I, et al. AME position statement on adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164(6):851–870 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-10-1147[Crossref]
• [10] Zeiger MA, Thompson GB, Duh QY, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Medical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas: executive summary of recommendations. Endocr Pract. 2009;15(5):450–453 http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/EP.15.5.450[Crossref]
• [11] Garrapa GG, Pantanetti P, Arnaldi G, Mantero F, Faloia E. Body composition and metabolic features in women with adrenal incidentaloma or Cushing’s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(11):5301–5306
• [12] Rossi R, Tauchmanova L, Luciano A, et al. Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: clinical and biochemical features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(4):1440–1448
• [13] Terzolo M, Pia A, Ali A, et al. Adrenal incidentaloma: a new cause of the metabolic syndrome? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(3):998–1003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.3.8277[Crossref]
• [14] Tauchmanova L, Rossi R, Biondi B, et al. Patients with subclinical Cushing’s syndrome due to adrenal adenoma have increased cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(11):4872–4878 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2001-011766[Crossref]
• [15] Erbil Y, Ozbey N, Barbaros U, Unalp HR, Salmaslioglu A, Ozarmagan S. Cardiovascular risk in patients with nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma: myth or reality? World J Surg. 2009;33(10):2099–2105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-009-0178-0[Crossref][WoS]
• [16] Sereg M, Szappanos A, Toke J, et al. Atherosclerotic risk factors and complications in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas treated with or without adrenalectomy: a long-term follow-up study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(4):647–655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-08-0707[WoS][Crossref]
• [17] Bernini G, Moretti A, Iacconi P, et al. Anthropometric, haemodynamic, humoral and hormonal evaluation in patients with incidental adrenocortical adenomas before and after surgery. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;148(2):213–219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1480213[Crossref]
• [18] Fernandez-Real JM, Gonzalbez J, Ricart W. Metabolic abnormalities in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(2):950–952 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.2.7241-12[Crossref]
• [19] Lazurova I, Dudasova D, Wagnerova H, Dravecka I, Petrasova D. Adrenal incidentalomas and the metabolic syndrome-are there any differences between adenoma and hyperplasia? Neoplasma. 2006;53(4):324–327
• [20] Terzolo M, Reimondo G, Bovio S, Angeli A. Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome. Pituitary. 2004;7(4):217–223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11102-005-4024-6[Crossref]
• [21] Emral R, Uysal AR, Asik M, et al. Prevalence of subclinical Cushing’s syndrome in 70 patients with adrenal incidentaloma: clinical, biochemical and surgical outcomes. Endocr J. 2003;50(4):399–408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.50.399[Crossref]
• [22] Mansmann G, Lau J, Balk E, Rothberg M, Miyachi Y, Bornstein SR. The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management. Endocr Rev. 2004;25(2):309–340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2002-0031[Crossref]
• [23] Barzon L, Fallo F, Sonino N, Boscaro M. Development of overt Cushing’s syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;146(1):61–66 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1460061[Crossref]
• [24] Mazzuco TL, Bourdeau I, Lacroix A. Adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical Cushing’s syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009;16(3):203–210
• [25] Abdelmannan D, Aron DC. Adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical Cushing’s syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2010;11(2):135–140 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11154-010-9141-5[Crossref][WoS]
• [26] World Health Organization: Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2006
• [27] Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143–3421
• [28] International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. 2005
• [29] Borissova AM, Kovatcheva R, Shinkov A, et al. Endocrine disorders and cardiovascular risk. Endokrinologya. 2007;12(4):188–202
• [30] Borissova AM, Kovatcheva R, Shinkov A, et al. Prevalence and features of the metabolic syndrome in unselected Bulgarian population. Endokrinologya. 2007;12(2):68–77
• [31] Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, et al. A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(2):637–644
• [32] Muth A, Hammarstedt L, Hellstrom M, Sigurjonsdottir HA, Almqvist E, Wangberg B. Cohort study of patients with adrenal lesions discovered incidentally. Br J Surg. 2011;98(10):1383–1391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.7566[Crossref][WoS]
• [33] Comlekci A, Yener S, Ertilav S, et al. Adrenal incidentaloma, clinical, metabolic, follow-up aspects: single centre experience. Endocrine. 2010;37(1):40–46 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-009-9260-5[WoS][Crossref]
• [34] Barzon L, Scaroni C, Sonino N, et al. Incidentally discovered adrenal tumors: endocrine and scintigraphic correlates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(1):55–62
• [35] Yeh HC. Sonography of the adrenal glands: normal glands and small masses. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980;135(6):1167–1177 [Crossref]
• [36] Cawood TJ, Hunt PJ, O’Shea D, Cole D, Soule S. Recommended evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas is costly, has high false-positive rates and confers a risk of fatal cancer that is similar to the risk of the adrenal lesion becoming malignant; time for a rethink? Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;161(4):513–527 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-09-0234[Crossref][WoS]
• [37] Aso Y, Homma Y. A survey on incidental adrenal tumors in Japan. J Urol. 1992;147(6):1478–1481
• [38] Terzolo M, Bovio S, Reimondo G, et al. Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005;34(2):423–439, x http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.008[Crossref]
• [39] Stewart PM. Is subclinical Cushing’s syndrome an entity or a statistical fallout from diagnostic testing? Consensus surrounding the diagnosis is required before optimal treatment can be defined. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2618–2620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0633[Crossref][WoS]
• [40] Zeiger MA, Siegelman SS, Hamrahian AH. Medical and surgical evaluation and treatment of adrenal incidentalomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(7):2004–2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0085[Crossref]
• [41] Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al. The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(5):1526–1540 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-0125[Crossref]
• [42] Chiodini I, Morelli V, Masserini B, et al. Bone mineral density, prevalence of vertebral fractures, and bone quality in patients with adrenal incidentalomas with and without subclinical hypercortisolism: an Italian multicenter study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(9):3207–3214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0468[WoS][Crossref]
• [43] Giordano R, Marinazzo E, Berardelli R, et al. Longterm morphological, hormonal, and clinical follow-up in a single unit on 118 patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;162(4):779–785 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-09-0957[Crossref][WoS]
• [44] Vassilatou E, Vryonidou A, Michalopoulou S, et al. Hormonal activity of adrenal incidentalomas: results from a long-term follow-up study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009;70(5):674–679 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03492.x[Crossref]
• [45] Tsuiki M, Tanabe A, Takagi S, Naruse M, Takano K. Cardiovascular risks and their long-term clinical outcome in patients with subclinical Cushing’s syndrome. Endocr J. 2008;55(4):737–745 http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.K07E-177[Crossref]
• [46] Toniato A, Merante-Boschin I, Opocher G, Pelizzo MR, Schiavi F, Ballotta E. Surgical versus conservative management for subclinical Cushing syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas: a prospective randomized study. Ann Surg. 2009;249(3):388–391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e31819a47d2[WoS][Crossref]
• [47] Erbil Y, Ademoglu E, Ozbey N, et al. Evaluation of the cardiovascular risk in patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome before and after surgery. World J Surg. 2006;30(9):1665–1671 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-005-0681-x[Crossref]
• [48] Vasilev V, Kirilov G, Zacharieva S. Impaired steroidogenesis in patients with clinically inactive adrenal adenomas, revealed by analysis of steroid precursors. Endokrinologya. 2011;16(2):68–77
• [49] Reincke M, Fassnacht M, Vath S, Mora P, Allolio B. Adrenal incidentalomas: a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome? Endocr Res. 1996;22(4):757–761

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/s11536-013-0199-9