Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma: Results from the case-control study

• Authors: Slavenka Janković , Nataša Maksimović , Janko Janković , Milena Ražnatović , Jelena Marinković , Vesna Tomić-Spirić
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The aim of the present case-control study was to assess the risk factors for Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the Montenegrin population. The study group was comprised of 100 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of BCC, while the control group consisted of patients who did not present skin cancer and who were individually matched to the cases by sex and age. The increased risk for BCC was associated with: the presence of nevi (odds ratio [OR] = 3.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–12.73), type of skin concerning to burn rather than to tan after repeated sun exposure in childhood or adolescence (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.59–6.18), the skin reaction to burn after two or more hours of sunlight during childhood or adolescence (OR = 4.53; 95% CI = 2.37–8.63), the number of severe and painful sunburns during their lifetime(OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 1.68–7.38), outdoor work during the summer-time (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.00–7.45), occupational exposure to chemicals (OR = 17.89; 95% CI = 2.82–113.52), history of eczema (OR = 4.17; 95% CI = 1.53–11.39), and history of previous BCC (OR = 3.86; 95% CI = 1.40–10.65). Our study confirms the role of environmental and constitutional factors in development of BCC.

Keywords

EN

Basal cell carcinoma; Epidemiology; Risk factors; Skin

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Open Medicine
• Year: 2010
• Volume: 5
• Issue: 6
• Pages: 666-673

Dates

published

1 - 12 - 2010

online

7 - 10 - 2010

Contributors

author

Slavenka Janković

• Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

author

Nataša Maksimović

• Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

author

Janko Janković

• Institute of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

author

Milena Ražnatović

• Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro

author

Jelena Marinković

• Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

author

Vesna Tomić-Spirić

• Institute of Allergology and Immunology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

References

• [1] Zak-Prelich M., Narbutt J., Sysa-Jedrzejowska A., Environmental risk factors predisposing to the development of basal cell carcinoma, Dermatol Surg, 2004, 30, 248–52 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30089.x[Crossref]
• [2] de Vries E., Louwman M., Bastiaens M., de Gruijl F., Coebergh JW., Rapid and continuous increases in incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma in the southeast Netherlands since 1973, J Invest Dermatol, 2004, 123, 634–38 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23306.x
• [3] Leman J.A., McHenry PM., Basal Cell Carcinoma Still an Enigma, Arch Dermatol, 2001, 137, 1239–40
• [4] Rigel D.S., Cutaneous ultraviolet exposure and its relationship to the development of skin cancer, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2008, 58, S129–32 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.034[Crossref]
• [5] Kyrgidis A., Tzellos T.G., Vahtsevanos K., Triaridis S., New Concepts for Basal Cell Carcinoma. Demographic, Clinical, Histological Risk Factors, and Biomarkers. A Systematic Review of Evidence Regarding Risk for Tumor Development, Susceptibility for Second Primary and Recurrence, J Surg Res, (in press), DOI, 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.834 [WoS][Crossref]
• [6] Lim J.L., Stern RS., High levels of ultraviolet B exposure increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in psoralen and ultraviolet A-treated patients, J Invest Dermatol, 2005, 124, 505–13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23618.x[Crossref]
• [7] Neale R.E., Davis M., Pandeya N., Whiteman D.C., Green A.C., Basal cell carcinoma on the trunk is associated with excessive sun exposure, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2007, 56, 380–86 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.039[Crossref]
• [8] Lock-Andersen J., Drzewiecki K.T., Wulf H.C., Eye and Hair Colour, Skin Type and Constitutive Skin Pigmentation as Risk Factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma and Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. A Danish Case-Control Study, Acta Derm Venerol, 1999, 79, 74–80 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000155599750011778[Crossref]
• [9] Naldi L., DiLandro A., D’Avanzo B., Parazzini F., Host-related and environmental risk factors for cutaneous basal cell carcinoma: evidence from an Italian case-control study, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2000, 3, 446–52 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90217-2[Crossref]
• [10] Madan V., Hoban R.R., Strange R.C., Fryer A.A., Lear J.T., Genetics and risk factors for basel cell carcinoma, Br J Dermatol, 2006, 154, 5–7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07229.x[Crossref]
• [11] van Rossum M.M., Wopereis D., Hoyer T., et al., Incidence of cancer in first-degree relatives of basal cell carcinoma patients, Arch Dermatol Res, 2009, 301, 295–299 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-008-0913-7[Crossref][WoS]
• [12] Fitzpatrick T.B., Bolognia J.L., Human melanin pigmentation: Role in pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma. In: Zeise L., Chedekel M.R., Fitzpatrick T.B., eds, Melanin: Its Role in Human Photoprotection. KS: Valdenmar Publishing Co, 1995, 177–82
• [13] Dubin N., Moseson M., Pasternack B.S., Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma: Pigmentary traits, ultraviolet radiation and the identification of high-risk populations. In: Gallagher R.P, ed, Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986, pp. 61–73
• [14] Bath-Hextall F.J., Perkins W., Bong J., et al., Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007, CD003412 [WoS]
• [15] Rocha F.P., Menezes A.M.B., Almeida Junior H.L., Tomasi H., Risk markers and risk factors for actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma: a case-control study, An bras Dermatol, 2004, 79, 441–54 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0365-05962004000400006[Crossref]
• [16] Vlajinac H.D., Adanja B.J., Lazar Z.F., et al., Risk Factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma, Acta Oncologica, 2000, 39, 611–16 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/028418600750013294[Crossref]
• [17] Davies T.W., Treasure F.P., Welch A.A., Day N.E., Diet and basal cell skin cancer: results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort. Br J Dermatol, 2002, 146, 1017–22 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04763.x[Crossref]
• [18] Zanetti R., Rosso S., Martinez C., et al., The multicentre south European study “helios” I: skin characteristics and sunburns in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, Br J Cancer, 1996, 73, 1440–46
• [19] Rosso S., Zanetti R., Martinez C, et al., The multicentre south European study “helios” II: different sun exposure patterns in the aetiology of basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, Br J Cancer, 1996, 73, 1447–54.
• [20] Kricker A., Armstrong B.K., English D.R., Heenan P.J., Does intermittent sun exposure cause basal cell carcinoma? A case-control study in Western Australia, Int J Cancer, 1995, 60, 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910600411[Crossref]
• [21] Rosso S., Zanetti R., Pippone M., Sancho Garnier H., Parallel risk assesment of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma: skin characteristics and sun exposure, Melanoma Res, 1998, 573–83. [Crossref]
• [22] Corona R., Dogliotti E., D’Errico M., et al., Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma in a Mediterranean population, Arch Dermatol, 2001, 137, 1162–68
• [23] van Dam R.M., Huang Z., Rimm E.B, et al., Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma of the skin in men: results from the health profesionals follow-up study, Am J Epidemiol, 1999, 150, 459–68
• [24] Ruiz Lascano A., Kuznitzky R., Garay I., Ducasse C., Albertini R., Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma. Case control study in Cordoba, Medicina (B Aires), 2005, 65, 495–500
• [25] Radespiel-Tröger M., Meyer M., Pfahlberg A., Lausen B., Uter W., Gefeller O., Outdoorwork and skin cancer incidence: a registry-based study in Bavaria, Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2009, 82, 357–63 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-008-0342-0[WoS][Crossref]
• [26] Walther U., Kron M., Sander S., et al., Risk and protective factors for sporadic basal cell carcinoma: results of a two-centre case-control study in southern Germany. Clinical actinic elastosis may be protective factor, Br J Dermatol, 2004, 151, 170–8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06030.x[Crossref]
• [27] Hunter D.J., Colditz G.A., Stampfer M.J., Rosner B., Willett W.C., Speizer F.E., Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma in a prospective cohort of women, AEP, 1990, 1, 13–23
• [28] Kricker A., Armstrong B., English D., Heenan P., Pigmentary and cutaneous risk factors for nonmelanocytic skin cancer: a case-control study. Int J Cancer, 1991, 48, 650–62 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910480504[Crossref]
• [29] Lear J.T., Tan B.B., Smith A.G., et al., Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma in the UK: case-control study in 806 patients, J R Soc Med, 1997, 90, 371–74
• [30] Maia M., Proenca N.G., de Moraes J.C., Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma: a case-control study, Rev Saude Publica, 1995, 29, 27–37 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89101995000100006[Crossref]
• [31] Zanetti R., Rosso S., Martinez C., et al., Comparison of risk patterns in carcinoma and melanoma of the skin in men: a multi-centre case-control study, Br J Cancer, 2006, 94, 743–51
• [32] Friedman G.D., Tekawa I.S., Association of basal cell skin cancers with other cancers (United States), Cancer Causes Control, 2000, 11, 891–97 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026591016153[Crossref]
• [33] Carli P., Biggeri A., Nardini P., De Giorgi V., Giannotti B., Sun exposure and large numbers of common and atypical melanocytic naevi: an analytical study in a southern European population, Br J Dermatol, 1998, 138, 422–25 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02118.x[Crossref]
• [34] Fink A.M, Fialla R., Steiner A., Seasonal pattern of the excision rate of melanoma and naevi, Melanoma Res, 2001, 11, 531–34 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008390-200110000-00014[Crossref]
• [35] Gallagher R.P., Bajdik C.D., Fincham S., et al., Chemical exposures, medical history and risk of squamous and basal cell carcinoma of the skin, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 1996, 419–24
• [36] Dybdahl M., Frentz G., Vogel U., Wallin H., Nexo B.A., Low DNA repair is a risk factor in skin carcinogenesis: a study of basal cell carcinoma in psoriasis patients, Mutat Res, 1999, 433, 15–22
• [37] Marcil I., Stern R.S., Risk of developing a subsequent nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer, Arch Dermatol, 2000, 136, 1524–30 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.136.12.1524[Crossref]
• [38] Primm A.N., Immunosuppression, Inflammation, and Skin Cancer: Will Eczema Treatment Enhance Ultraviolet Light-Induced Skin Cancer? A Senior Honors Thesis. The Ohio State University, 2006, https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/1811/6433/1/Thesis.pdf

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/s11536-010-0042-5