Rapidity distribution as a probe for elliptical flow at intermediate energies

• Authors: Sanjeev Kumar , Varinderjit Kaur , Suneel Kumar
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The interplay between spectator and participant matter in heavy-ion collisions is investigated within the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model in terms of the rapidity distribution of light charged particles. The effect of different types and sizes of rapidity distributions is studied in elliptical flow. The elliptical-flow patterns show the important role of nearby spectator matter on the participant zone. This role is further explained on the basis of the passing time of the spectator and the expansion time of the participant zone. The transition from in-plane to out-of-plane emission is observed only when the mid-rapidity region is included into the rapidity bin. Otherwise no transition occurs. The transition energy is found to be highly sensitive to the size of the rapidity bin, while it is only weakly dependent on the type of the rapidity distribution. These theoretical findings are found to be in agreement with experimental results.

Keywords

EN

elliptical flow; rapidity distribution; equation of state; IQMD model; Heavy ion reactions

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Open Physics
• Year: 2011
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 986-995

Dates

published

1 - 8 - 2011

online

30 - 4 - 2011

Contributors

author

Sanjeev Kumar

• School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India

author

Varinderjit Kaur

• School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India

author

Suneel Kumar

• School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India

References

• [1] J. Aichelin, Phys. Rep. 202, 233 (1991) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(91)90094-3[Crossref]
• [2] G. Lehaut et al. (INDRA and ALADIN Collaborations), Phys. Rev. C 39, 1402 (1989) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.39.1402[Crossref]
• [3] S. Kumar, S. Kumar, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 81, 014601 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.81.014601[Crossref]
• [4] G. Lehaut et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 232701 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.232701[Crossref]
• [5] S. Kumar, S. Kumar, Chinese Phys. Lett. 27, 062504 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/27/6/062504[Crossref]
• [6] R.K. Puri, S.S. Malik, R.K. Gupta, Eur. Phys. Lett. 9, 767 (1989) http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/9/8/005[Crossref]
• [7] R.K. Puri, R.K. Gupta, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys 18, 903 (1992) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/18/5/017[Crossref]
• [8] R.K. Gupta, M. Balasubramanium, R.K. Puri, W. Schied, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 26, L23 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/26/2/102[Crossref]
• [9] R.K. Puri, R.K. Gupta, Phys. Rev. C 45, 1837 (1992) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.45.1837[Crossref]
• [10] R.K. Puri, P. Chattopadhyay, R.K. Gupta, Phys. Rev. C 43, 315 (1991) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.43.315[Crossref]
• [11] A. Le Févre, J. Aichelin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 042701 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.042701[Crossref]
• [12] A. Le Févre et al. (ALADIN and INDRA@GSI Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 80, 044615 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.80.044615[Crossref]
• [13] Y.K. Vermani, J.K. Dhawan, S. Goyal, R.K. Puri, J. Aichelin, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 37, 015105 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/1/015105[Crossref]
• [14] G.D. Westfall et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1986 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1986[Crossref]
• [15] M.B. Tsang et al., Phys. Rev. C 53, 1959 (1996) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.53.1959[Crossref]
• [16] Y.M. Zheng, C.M. Ko, B.A. Li, B. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2534 (1999) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2534[Crossref]
• [17] A.B. Larionov, W. Cassing, C. Greiner, U. Mosel, Phys. Rev. C 62, 064611 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.62.064611[Crossref]
• [18] B.A. Li, A.T. Sustich, B. Zhang, Phys. Rev. C 64, 054604 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.054604[Crossref]
• [19] C. Alt et al., Phys. Rev. C 68, 034903 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034903[Crossref]
• [20] J. Lukasik, G. Auger, M.L. Begemann-Blaich et al., Phys. Lett. B 608, 223 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2004.12.076[Crossref]
• [21] A. Andronic et al., Nucl. Phys. A 679, 765 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00377-8[Crossref]
• [22] A. Andronic et al., Phys. Lett. B 612, 173 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.02.060[Crossref]
• [23] J. Lukasik et al. (INDRA Collaborations), In: Int. Workshop on Multifragmentation and related topics (IWM 2003), 5–7 November 2003, Caen, France
• [24] A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 69, 054612 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054612[Crossref]
• [25] A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, Eur. Phys. J. A 30, 571 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2006-10143-4[Crossref]
• [26] A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 70, 034611 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.034611[Crossref]
• [27] S. Kumar, M.K. Sharma, R.K. Puri, K.P. Singh, I.M. Govil, Phys. Rev. C 58, 3494 (1998) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.58.3494[Crossref]
• [28] A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, J. Aichelin, Phys. Lett. B 594, 260 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.053[Crossref]
• [29] S. Kumar, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 60, 054607 (1999) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054607[Crossref]
• [30] S. Kumar, S. Kumar, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 78, 064602 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064602[Crossref]
• [31] Y.K. Vermani, S. Goyal, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 79, 064613 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.064613[Crossref]
• [32] R. Chugh, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 82, 014603 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014603[Crossref]
• [33] L.W. Chen, C.M. Ko, Phys. Lett. B 634, 205 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2006.01.037[Crossref]
• [34] L.W. Chen, C.M. Ko, Phys. Rev. C 73, 014906 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.73.014906[Crossref]
• [35] J. Singh, S. Kumar, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 62, 044617 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.62.044617[Crossref]
• [36] S. Kumar, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 58, 1618 (1998) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1618[Crossref]
• [37] S. Gautam et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 37, 085102 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/085102[Crossref]
• [38] Y. Zhang, Z. Li, Phys. Rev. C 74, 014602 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.74.014602[Crossref]
• [39] S.W. Huang et al., Phys. Lett. B 298, 41 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)91703-P[Crossref]
• [40] G. Batko et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 20, 461 (1994) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/20/3/007[Crossref]
• [41] M. Gyulassy, K.A. Frankel, H. Stöcker, Phys. Lett. B 110, 185 (1982) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(82)91232-1[Crossref]
• [42] P. Danielewicz, Nucl. Phys. A 673, 375 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00083-X[Crossref]
• [43] T.Z. Yan, S.K. Hu, W.X. Guo, S. Wang, J.P. Xu, Chinese Phys. Lett. 26, 112501 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/26/11/112501[Crossref]
• [44] S. Voloshin, Y. Zhang, Z. Phys. C 70, 665 (1996) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002880050141[Crossref]
• [45] C. Adler et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 032301 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.032301[Crossref]
• [46] M. Demoulins et al., Phys. Lett. B 241, 476 (1990) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)91855-6[Crossref]
• [47] H.H. Gutbrod et al., Phys. Lett. B 216, 267 (1989) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)91113-1[Crossref]
• [48] S. Wang et al. (EOS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3911 (1996) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3911[Crossref]
• [49] D. Brill et al., Z. Phys. A 355, 61 (1996) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002180050078[Crossref]
• [50] N. Bastid et al., Nucl. Phys. A 622, 573 (1997) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(97)80700-2[Crossref]
• [51] P. Crochet et al., Nucl. Phys. A 624, 755 (1997) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00464-8[Crossref]
• [52] G. Stoicea et al. (FOPI Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 072303 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.072303[Crossref]
• [53] C. Pinkenburg et al. (E895 Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1295 (1999) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1295[Crossref]
• [54] A. Andronic, J. Lukasik, W. Reisdorf, W. Trautmann, Eur. Phys. J. A 30, 31 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2006-10101-2[Crossref]
• [55] K.H. Ackermann et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 402 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.402[Crossref]
• [56] A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 79, 064618 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.064618[Crossref]
• [57] C. Hartnack et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 1, 151 (1998) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050045[Crossref]
• [58] H.Y. Zhang et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 28, 2397 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/28/9/305[Crossref]
• [59] D.J. Magestro, W. Bauer, G.D. Westfall, Phys. Rev. C 62, 041603(R) (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.62.041603[Crossref]
• [60] J. Singh, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 62, 054602 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.62.054602[Crossref]
• [61] A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, Phys. Rev. C 73, 067602 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.73.067602[Crossref]
• [62] E. Lehmann et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 30, 219 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(93)90025-B[Crossref]
• [63] E. Lehmann, R.K. Puri, A. Faessler, G. Batko, S.W. Huang, Phys. Rev. C 51, 2113 (1995) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.51.2113[Crossref]
• [64] R.K. Puri, Ch. Hartnack, J. Aichelin, Phys. Rev. C 54, R28 (1996) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.54.R28[Crossref]
• [65] P.B. Gossiaux, R.K. Puri, Ch. Hartnack, J. Aichelin, Nucl. Phys. A 619, 379 (1997) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00175-9[Crossref]
• [66] R.K. Puri, J. Aichelin, J. Comput. Phys. 162, 245 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcph.2000.6534[Crossref]
• [67] G. Westfall et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 1202 (1976) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.37.1202[Crossref]
• [68] T. Gaitanos, H.H. Wolter, C. Fuchs, Phys. Lett. B 478, 79 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00300-2[Crossref]
• [69] J. Gosset et al., Phys. Rev. C 16, 629 (1977) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.16.629[Crossref]
• [70] W. Reisdorf et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 232301 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.232301[Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/s11534-011-0019-2