An Assessment of the Consumption of Dietary Supplements by Players of Selected Sports

• Authors: Witold Kozirok , Ewa Babicz-Zielińska , Bartłomiej Krzebietke
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Introduction. Increasing interest in dietary supplements designed for athletes is accompanied by an increase in the number of commercial vendors offering a broad range of dietary supplements. It is also followed by phenomenon of wide availability and as a consequence universality of application of this group of preparations. The goal of this research project was to assess the use of dietary supplements by players of selected sports with consideration given to sex, age, education, level of physical activity and training experience. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the diagnostic survey method with the aid of a survey written by the authors themselves. The study population consisted of 216 athletes (100 powerlifters and 116 volleyball players) ages 16÷30. Statistical analysis of empirical material was conducted on the χ2 basis of an test (p≤0.05 or higher). Results. A clear majority of subjects claimed to be convinced that diet and dietary supplementation exerted an important influence on their athletic performance. Despite giving their own diet a favorable assessment, more than 95% of respondents reported having difficulty following the diet, while simultaneously reporting the causes of this difficulty. The subjects rated their knowledge of how diet and supplementation enhance athletic performance as either average or very good. Their primary sources of knowledge on this subject were: the Internet, periodicals and promotional materials. The role of trainers, dieticians and physiologists was relatively insignificant. Around 64% of subjects reported general use of dietary supplements, while 72.7% claimed dietary supplementation to have a positive influence on their fitness and efficiency. The popularity of supplement use depended on the character of the athletic discipline. The most frequently used supplements were, in order of popularity: vitamin and mineral preparations, creatine, carbohydrate and protein supplements, BCAA and caffeine. The subjects were convinced that supplements for athletes, despite the various contraindications concerning their use and the presence of substances banned in certain sports, are not harmful to their health. Conclusion. Use of dietary supplements by athletes is universal and depends on the type of sport played.

Keywords

EN

diet; dietary supplements; ergogenic nutrition

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 20
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 123-128

Dates

published

1 - 06 - 2013

online

27 - 11 - 2013

Contributors

author

Witold Kozirok

• Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Quality Science, Chair of Trade and Services, Eating Behavior Research Workshop

author

Ewa Babicz-Zielińska

• Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Quality Science, Chair of Trade and Services, Eating Behavior Research Workshop

author

Bartłomiej Krzebietke

• Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Quality Science, Chair of Trade and Services, Eating Behavior Research Workshop

References

• 1. Molinero O., Márquez S. (2009). Use of nutritional supple­ments in sports: risks, knowledge, and behavioural-related factors. Nutrición Hospitalaria 24(2), 128-134.
• 2. Mizera K., Mizera J. (2012). The diet for football. Hydration. Sport wyczynowy 3/543. Retrieved March 5, 2013: http:// www.olimpiakos.org.pl/img/dieta%20pi%C5%82karska%2 <http://www.olimpiakos.org.pl/img/dieta%20pi%C5%82karska%2520mizera.pdf. [in Polish]
• 3. Kreider R.B., Wilborn C.D., Taylor L., Campbell B., Almada A. L., Collins R. et. al. (2010). ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations. Journal of the Interna­tional Society of Sports Nutrition 7:7. Retrieved March 3, 2013: <http://www.jissn.com/content/7/l/7> D0I:10.1186/ 1550-2783-7-7.
• 4. Mizera K., Pilis W. (2008). The meaning of nutrition in strength sports in different human ontogenesis phases. Medicina Sportiva 9(4), 73-84. [in Polish]
• 5. Volek J.S. (2004). Influence of nutrition on responses to resistance training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36(4), 689-696. D0I:10.1249/01.MSS.0000121944.19275. C4.
• 6. Krejpcio Z., Skwarek K., Hyżyk A.K., Dyba S. (2011). Evalu­ation of prevalence of dietary supplements intake in a se­lected group of sports people. Problemy Higieny i Epidemio­logii 92(4), 935-938. [in Polish]
• 7. Charzewska J., Wajszczyk B. (2011). Nutritional supple­ments vs. intense physical exercise. In M. Jarosz (Ed.), Nutri­tional supplements vs. health (pp. 106-119). Warszawa: Wy­dawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL. [in Polish]
• 8. Celejowa I. (2011). Physical activity vs. nutrition. In J. Gór­ski (Ed.), Physiology of exercise and physical training (pp. 245-260). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL. [in Polish]
• 9. Goston J.L., Toulson Davisson Correia M.I. (2010). Intake of nutritional supplements among people exercising in gyms and influencing factors. Nutrition 26, 604-611. D0I:10.1016/ j.nut.2009.06.021.
• 10. Maughan R.J., Depiesse E, Geyer H. (2007). The use of di­etary supplements by athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences 25(1), 103-113. D0I:10.1080/02640410701607395.[WoS]
• 11. McDowall J.A. (2007). Supplement use by young athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 6, 337-342.
• 12. El Khoury D., Antoine-Jonville S. (2012). Intake of nutri­tional supplements among people exercising in gyms in Beirut City. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism vol. 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013: <http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnume/2012/703490/ D0I:10.1155/2012/703490.
• 13. Frączek B., Gacek M., Grzelak A. (2012). Nutritional support of physical abilities in a professional athletes' group. Proble­my Higieny i Epidemiologii 93(4), 817-823. [in Polish]
• 14. Maughan R.J., Burke L.M. (2000). Nutrition for sports perfor­mance (1st edition). Kraków: Medicina Sportiva.
• 15. Durkalec-Michalski K., Suliburska J., Jeszka J. (2011). The assessment of nutritional status and eating habits in a se­lected group of rowers. Bromatologia i Chemia Toksyko­logiczna 44(3), 262-270. [in Polish]
• 16. Australian Institute of Sport - official website <http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/nutrition/supplements/classification_test.
• 17. Frączek B., Grzelak A. (2012). Creatinine supplementation in a group of young men undertaking recreational strength training. Problemy Higieny i Epidemiologii 93(1), 425-431. [in Polish]
• 18. Janus P., Reguła J. (2009). Using of nutrients and dietary supplements by men attending to the fitness club. Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm 36(1), 90-94. [in Polish]
• 19. Zimmermann M.B. (2003). Vitamin and mineral supple­mentation and exercise performance. Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologi 51(1), 53-57.
• 20. Bird S.P (2003). Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: a brief review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2, 123-132.
• 21. Cooper R., Naclerio E, Allgrove J., Jimenez A. (2012). Crea­tine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: an update. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 9:33. Retrieved March 3, 2013: http://www.jissn.com/content/pdf/15 <http://www.jissn.com/content/pdf/1550-2783-9-33.pdf D0I:10.1186/1550-2783-9-33.
• 22. Kozirok W., Babicz-Zielińska E. (2013). Assessment of water and beverages intake by athletes of different sports. Proble­my Higieny i Epidemiologii 94(2), 262-265. [in Polish]
• 23. Seidler T., Sobczak A. (2012). Diet supplements in nutrition of sport mastery school students. Roczniki Państwowego Za­kładu Higieny 63(2), 193-198. [in Polish]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/pjst-2013-0012