Full-text resources of PSJD and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


Preferences help
enabled [disable] Abstract
Number of results

Journal

2014 | 15 | 1 | 36-44

Article title

The effects of a postactivation potentiation warm-up on subsequent sprint performance

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Purpose. Many strength and conditioning professionals propose that postactivation potentiation (PAP) warm-ups enhance power performance although there are few studies conducted in this regard on sprinting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a PAP warm-up on sprint performance. Methods. Twenty-four men and women completed a 40-yard (yd) sprint pretest on four nonconsecutive days followed by a PAP warm-up that included a sled resistance sprint at either 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% of their body mass and concluded with a 40-yd dash posttest. Each resistance sprint was recorded for kinematic analysis. Results. A 2 × 2 × 4 factorial mixed ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between sexes in 40-yd dash times (p < 0.001). A significant main effect was found in pre- and post-40-yd dash measures regardless of sex (p < 0.001). The results indicated no significant differences in the post-40-yd dash times between sled loads and the load by time interaction. The participants’ 40-yd dash times improved 1.2% on average after the 10% load. Improvements in dash time for the 0%, 20%, and 30% loads were greater than 2%. Sprint kinematics analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences between lighter and heavier loads. Conclusions. Regardless of the significant disruptions in sprint mechanics, there appears to be a potential for heavier sled resistances to affect acute improvements in 40-yd sprint performance. However, it is unclear whether heavier sleds loads may provide greater benefit than warming up with 0% resistance.

Publisher

Journal

Year

Volume

15

Issue

1

Pages

36-44

Physical description

Dates

published
1 - 3 - 2014
online
12 - 4 - 2014

Contributors

author
  • Health Promotion and Human Performance, Weber State University, Ogden, USA
  • Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
  • Health Promotion and Human Performance, Weber State University, Ogden, USA
author
  • Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
  • Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
author
  • Health and Physical Education, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, USA

References

  • 1. Maio Alves J.M.V., Rebelo A.N., Abrantes C., Sampaio J., Short-term effects of complex and contrast training in soccer players’ vertical jump, sprint, and agility abilities. J Strength Cond Res, 2010, 24 (4), 936-941, doi: 10.1519/ JSC.0b013e3181c7c5fd.[Crossref]
  • 2. Andrews T.R., Mackey T., Inkrott T.A., Murray S.R., Clark I.E., Pettitt R.W., Effect of hang cleans or squats paired with countermovement vertical jumps on vertical displacement. J Strength Cond Res, 2011, 25 (9), 2448-2452, doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182001696.[Crossref]
  • 3. Chatzopoulos D.E., Michailidis C.J., Giannakos A.K., Alexiou K.C., Patikas D.A., Antonopoulos C.B., Kotzmanidis C.M., Postactivation potentiation effects after heavy resistance exercise on running speed. J Strength Cond Res, 2007, 21 (4), 1278-1281.
  • 4. Gourgoulis V., Aggeloussis N., Kasimatis P., Mavromatis G., Garas A., Effect of a submaximal half-squats warm-up program on vertical jumping ability. J Strength Cond Res, 2003, 17 (2), 342-344.
  • 5. Hilfiker R., Klaus H., Lorenz T., Marti B., Effects of drop jumps added to the warm-up of elite sport athletes with a high capacity for explosive force development. J Strength Cond Res, 2007, 21 (2), 550-555.
  • 6. Kilduff L.P., Bevan H.R., Kingsley M.I.C., Owen N.J., Bennett M.A., Bunce P.J. et al., Postactivation potentiation in professional rugby players: Optimal recovery. J Strength Cond Res, 2007, 21 (4), 1134-1138.
  • 7. Linder E.E., Prins J.H., Murata N.M., Derenne C., Morgan C.F., Solomon J.R., Effects of preload 4 repetition maximum on 100-m sprint times in collegiate women. J Strength Cond Res, 2010, 24 (5), 1184-1190, doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d75806.
  • 8. Matthews M.J., Comfort P., Crebin R., Complex training in ice hockey: The effects of a heavy resisted sprint on subsequent ice-hockey sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2010, 24 (11), 2883-2887, doi: 10.1519/ JSC.0b013e3181e7253c.[Crossref]
  • 9. Behm D.G., Button D.C., Butt J.C, Factors affecting force loss with prolonged stretching. Can J Appl Physiol, 2001, 26 (3), 261-272, doi: 10.1139/h01-017.[Crossref]
  • 10. Church J.B., Wiggins M.S., Moode F.M., Crist R., Effect of warm-up and flexibility treatments on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2001, 15 (3), 332-336, doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2001)0152.0.CO;2.[Crossref]
  • 11. Fleck S.J., Kraemer W.J., Designing resistance training programs (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics, Champaign 2004.
  • 12. Nelson A.G., Kokkonen J., Acute ballistic muscle stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Res Q Exerc Sport, 2001,72(4), 415-419, doi: 10.1080/02701367.2001.10608978.[Crossref]
  • 13. Young W., Elliot S., Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, and maximum voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Res Q Exerc Sport, 2001, 72 (3), 273-279, doi: 10.1080/02701367.2001.10608960.[Crossref]
  • 14. Robbins D.W., Postactivation potentiation and its practical applicability: A brief review. J Strength Cond Res, 2005, 19 (2), 453-459, doi: 10.1519/R-14653.1.[Crossref]
  • 15. Chiu L.Z.F., Fry A.C., Weiss L.W., Schilling B.K., Brown L.E., Smith, S.L., Postactivation potentiation response in athletic and recreationally trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res, 2003, 17 (4), 671-677.
  • 16. DeRenne C., Effects of postactivation potentiation warmup in male and female sport performances: A brief review. Strength Cond J, 2010, 32 (6), 58-64, doi: 10.1519/ SSC.0b013e3181f412c4.[Crossref]
  • 17. Hanson E.D., Leigh S., Mynark R.G., Acute effects of heavy- and light-load squat exercise on the kinetic measures of vertical jumping. J Strength Cond Res, 2007, 21 (4), 1012-1017.
  • 18. Till K.A., Cooke C., The effects of postactivation potentiation on sprint and jump performance of male academy soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 2009, 23 (7), 1960-1967, doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b8666e.[Crossref]
  • 19. McBride J.M., Nimphius S., Erickson T.M., The acute effects of heavy-load squats and loaded countermovement jumps on sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2005, 19 (4), 893-897, doi: 10.1519/R-16304.1.[Crossref][PubMed]
  • 20. Matthews M.J., Matthews H.P., Snook B., The acute effects of a resistance training warm-up on sprint performance. Res Sports Med, 2004, 12 (2), 151-159, doi: 10.1080/15438620490460503.[Crossref]
  • 21. Ebben W.P., Jensen R.L., Blackard D.O., Electromyographic and kinetic analysis of complex training variables. J Strength Cond Res, 2000, 14 (4), 451-456.
  • 22. Jensen R.L., Ebben W.P., Kinetic analysis of complex training rest interval effect on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2003, 17 (2), 345-349.
  • 23. Xenofondos A., Laparidis K., Kyranoudis A., Galazoulas Ch., Bassa E., Kotzamanidis C., Post-activation potentiation: Factors affecting it and the effect on performance. J Phys Educ Sport, 2010, 28 (3), 32-38.
  • 24. Gullich A., Schmidtbleicher D., MVC-induced shortterm potentiation of explosive force. Int Amat Athl Fed, 1996, 11, 67-81.
  • 25. Young W., Training for speed/strength: Heavy vs. light loads. Natl Strength Cond Assoc J, 1993, 15 (5), 34-43, doi: 10.1519/0744-0049(1993)0152.3.CO;2.[Crossref]
  • 26. Fry A.C., Schilling B.K., Staron R.S., Hagerman F.C., Hikida R.S., Thrush J.T., Muscle fiber characteristics and performance correlates of male Olympic-style weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res, 2003, 17 (4), 746-754, doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0746:MFCAPC>2.0. CO;2.[Crossref]
  • 27. Hautier C.A., Linossier M.T., Belli A., Lacour J.R., Arsac L.M., Optimal velocity for maximal power production in non-isokinetic cycling is related to muscle fibre type composition. Eur J Appl Physiol, 1996, 74 (1-2), 114-118, doi: 10.1007/BF00376503.[Crossref]
  • 28. Martin J.C., Wagner B.M., Coyle E.F., Inertial-load method determines maximal cycling power in a single exercise bout. Med Sci Sports Exer, 1997, (29) 11, 1505-1512, doi: 10.1097/00005768-199711000-00018.[Crossref]
  • 29. Gilbert G., Lees A., Changes in the force development characteristics of muscle following repeated maximum force and power exercise. Ergonomics, 2005, 48 (11-14), 1576-1584, doi: 10.1080/00140130500101163.[Crossref]
  • 30. Racinais S., Hue O., Blonc S., Time-of-day effects on anaerobic muscular power in a moderately warm environment. Chronobiol Int, 2004, 21 (3), 485-495.[Crossref]
  • 31. Bevan H.R., Cunningham D.J., Tooley E.P., Owen N.J., Cook C.J., Kilduff L.P., Influence of postactivation potentiation on sprinting performance in professional rugby players. J Strength Cond Res, 2010, 24 (3), 701-705, doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c7b68a.[Crossref]
  • 32. Hakkinen K., Komi P.V., Effects of fatigue and recovery on electromyographic and isometric force-and relaxation time characteristics of human skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol, 1986, 55 (6), 588-596, doi: 10.1007/BF00423202.[Crossref]
  • 33. Nelson A.G., Cornwell A., Heise G.D., Acute stretching exercises and vertical jump stored elastic energy. Med Sci Sports Exer, 1996, 28 (Suppl. 5), S156.[Crossref]
  • 34. Borg G., Borg’s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Human Kinetics, Champaign 1998, 27-38.
  • 35. Comyns T.M., Harrison A.J., Hennessy L.K., Jensen R.L., The optimal complex training rest interval for athletes from anaerobic sports. J Strength Cond Res, 2006, 20 (3), 471-476.
  • 36. McCann M.R., Flanagan S.P., The effects of exercise selection and rest interval on postactivation potentiation of vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2010, 24 (5), 1285-1291, doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d6867c.[Crossref]
  • 37. Mitchell C.J., Sale D.G., Enhancement of jump performance after a 5-RM squat is associated with postactivation potentiation. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2011, 111 (8), 1957-1963, doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1823-x.[Crossref]
  • 38. Lockie R.G., Murphy A.J., Spinks C.D., Effects of resisted sled towing on sprint kinematics in field-sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 2003, 17 (4), 760-767.
  • 39. Alcaraz P.E., Palao J.M., Elvira J.L.L., Linthorne N.P., Effects of three types of resisted sprint training devices on the kinematics of sprinting at maximum velocity. J Strength Cond Res, 2008, 22 (3), 890-897, doi: 10.1519/ JSC.0b013e31816611ea.[Crossref]
  • 40. Docherty D., Robbins D., Hodgson M., Complex training revisited: A review of its current status as a viable training approach. Strength Cond J, 2004, 26 (6), 52-57, doi: 10.1519/00126548-200412000-0001.[Crossref]
  • 41. Mann R., Herman J., Kinematic analysis of Olympic sprint performance: men’s 200 meters. Int J Sport Biomech, 1985, 1, 151-161.
  • 42. Brown LE.., Ferrigno V.A., Santana J.c., Training for speed, agility, and quickness. Human Kinetics, Champaign 2000.
  • 43. Foran B., High-performance sports conditioning. Human Kinetics, Champaign 2001.
  • 44. Heyward V.H., Wagner D.R., Applied body composition assessment (2nd Ed.). Human Kinetics, Champaign 2004, 33-37.
  • 45. Siri W.E., Body composition from fluid spaces and density: Analysis of methods. In: Brozeck J., Henschel A. (eds.), Techniques for measuring body composition. National Academy of Sciences, Washington 1961, 223-244.
  • 46. Demerath E.W., Guo S.S., Chumlea W.C., Towne B., Roche A.F., Siervogel R.M., Comparison of percent body fat estimates using air displacement plethysmography and hydrodensitometry in adults and children. Int J Obes, 2002, 26 (3), 389-397.[Crossref]
  • 47. Frisard M.I., Greenway F.L., DeLany J.P., Comparison of methods to assess body composition changes during a period of weight loss. Obes Res, 2005, 13 (5), 845-854, doi: 10.1038/oby.2005.97.[Crossref]
  • 48. McCrory M.A., Gomez T.D., Bernauer E.M., Mole P.A., Evaluation of a new air displacement plethysmograph for measuring human body composition. Med Sci Sports Exer, 1995, 27 (12), 1686-1691.
  • 49. Miyatake N., Nonaka M., Fujii M., A new air displacement plethysmograph for the determination of Japanese body composition. Diabetes Obes Metab, 1999, 1 (6), 347-351, doi: 10.1046/j.1463-1326.1999.00064.x.[Crossref]
  • 50. Miller T.A., White E.D., Kinley K.A., Congleton J.J., Clark M.J., The effects of training history, player position, and body composition on exercise performance in collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res, 2002, 16 (1), 44-49.
  • 51. Potteiger J.A., Lockwood R.H., Haub M.D., Dolezal B.A., Almuzaini K.S., Schroeder J.M. et al., Muscle power and fiber characteristics following 8 weeks of plyometric training. J Strength Cond Res, 1999, 13 (3), 275-279, doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(1999)0132.0.CO;2.
  • 52. Patterson D.D., Peterson D.F., Vertical jump and leg power norms for young adults. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci, 2004, 8 (1), 33-41, doi: 10.1207/s15327841mpee0801_3.[Crossref]
  • 53. Martin J.C., Dietrich D., Coyle E.F., Time course of learning to produce maximal cycling power. Int J Sports Med, 2000, 21 (7), 485-487, doi: 10.1055/s-2000-7415.[Crossref]
  • 54. Bishop D., Warm up II: Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Med, 2003, 33 (7), 483-498, doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333070-00002. [Crossref]

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_2478_humo-2013-0050
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.