Prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among brazilian early adolescents

• Authors: Cilene Rebolho Martins , Eliana Carraça , Pedro Jorge Teixeira , Analiza M. Silva , Edio Luiz Petroski Petroski
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among Brazilian early adolescents. Methods. This was a school-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 526 girls between 11 and 14 years enrolled in thirteen public schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was administered. Sociodemographic variables (age group, household head education, and socioeconomic status), sexual maturation (pubic hair growth, breast development, and menarche) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were collected. Analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and a confidence level of 95%. Results. The prevalence of body shape concerns was 24.1% (95% confidence interval - CI: 17.5-30.7). Adolescent girls aged 13-14 years (prevalence ratio - PR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11; p = 0.02), with very high (PR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21-1.90; p = 0.004) and high %BF (PR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.32; p = 0.004), and those girls showing risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia (PR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.59; p = 0.01) were more concerned with their body image. Conclusions. The prevalence of body shape concerns among Brazilian girls was considerable and was associated with age, %BF, and risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia. This study highlights the importance of screening for body image concerns in schools, preventing the adoption of unhealthy body weight ideals, and the development of excessive body shape concerns in this population.

Keywords

EN

body image; anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa; adiposity; adolescent; puberty

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Human Movement
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 15
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 12-20

Dates

published

1 - 3 - 2014

online

12 - 4 - 2014

Contributors

author

Cilene Rebolho Martins

• Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil / CAPES scholarship

author

Eliana Carraça

• Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal

author

Pedro Jorge Teixeira

• Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal

author

Analiza M. Silva

• Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal

author

Edio Luiz Petroski Petroski

• Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

References

• 1. Frois E., Moreira J., Stenge M., Media and body image in adolescence: the body in discussion. Psicol Estud, 2011, 16 (1), 71-77, doi: 10.1590/S1413-73722011000100009.[Crossref]
• 2. Rodríguez S., Cruz S., Body dissatisfaction in Latin and Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 2008, 20 (1), 131-137.
• 3. Stice E., Whitenton K., Risk Factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls: a longitudinal investigation. Dev Psychol, 2002, 38 (5), 669-678, doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.38.5.669[Crossref]
• 4. Smolak L., Levine M.P., Body image in children. In: Thompson J., Smolak L. (eds.), Body image, eating disorders and obesity in youth: assessment, prevention and treatment. American Psychological Association, Washington 2001, 41-66.
• 5. Johnson F., Wardle J., Dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and psychological distress: a prospective analysis. J Abnorm Psychol, 2005, 114 (1), 119-125, doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.114.1.119.[Crossref]
• 6. Espinoza P., Penelo E., Raich R.M., Disordered eating behaviors and body image in a longitudinal pilot study of adolescent girls: What happens 2 years later? Body Image, 2010, 7 (1), 70-73, doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.09.002.[Crossref]
• 7. Mumford D.B., Whitehouse A.M., Choudry I.Y., Survey of eating disorders in English-medium schools in Lahore, Pakistan. Int J Eat Disord, 1992, 11 (2), 173-184. doi: 10.10 02/1098 -108X(199203)11:2<173: :AIDEAT2260110208> 3.0.CO;2-L.[Crossref]
• 8. Mousa T.Y., Mashal R.H., Al-Domi H.A., Jibril M.A., Body image dissatisfaction among adolescent schoolgirls in Jordan. Body Image, 2010, 7 (1), 46-50, doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.10.002.[Crossref]
• 9. Branco L.M., Hilário M.O.E., Cintra I.P., Perception and satisfaction with body image in adolescents and correlations with nutrition status [in Portuguese]. Rev Psiquiatr Clín, 2006, 33 (6), 292-296, doi: 10.1590/S0101-60832006000600001.[Crossref]
• 10. Alves E., Vasconcelos F.A.G., Calvo M.C.M., Neves J., Prevalence of symptoms of anorexia nervosa and dissatisfaction with body image among female adolescents in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil [in Portuguese]. Cad Saúde Pública, 2008, 24 (3), 503-512, doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X2008000300004.[Crossref]
• 11. Martins C.R., Pelegrini A., Matheus S.C., Petroski E.L., Body image dissatisfaction and its relationship with nutritional status, body fat, and anorexia and bulimia symptoms in adolescentes [in Portuguese]. Rev Psiquiatr RS, 2010, 32 (1), 19-23, doi: 10.1590/S0101-81082010000100004.[Crossref]
• 12. Dumith S.C., Menezes A.M.B., Bielemann R.M., Petresco S., Silva I.C.M., Linhares R.S. et al., Body dissatisfaction among adolescents: a population-based study [in Portuguese]. Ciênc saúde coletiva, 2012, 17 (9), 2499-2505, doi: 10.1590/S1413-81232012000900030.[Crossref]
• 13. Lunde C., Frisén A., Hwang C.P., Ten-year-old girls’ and boys’ body composition and peer victimization experiences: Prospective associations with body satisfaction. Body Image, 2007, 4 (1), 11-28, doi:10.1016/j.bodyim. 2006.10.002.[Crossref]
• 14. Miranda V.P.N., Conti M.A., Bastos R., Ferreira M.E.C., Body dissatisfaction in Brazilian adolescents from small municipalities of Minas Gerais [in Portuguese]. J Bras Psiquiatr, 2011, 60 (3), 190-197, doi: 10.1590/S0047-20852011000300007.[Crossref]
• 15. Pelegrini A., Silva D.A.S., Silva A.F., Petroski E.L., Body dissatisfaction among adolescents from a town with a medium/low human development index [in Portuguese]. Rev Bras Ciênc Esporte, 2011, 33 (3), 687-698, doi: 10.1590/S0101-32892011000300011.[Crossref]
• 16. Petroski E.L., Pelegrini A., Glaner M.F., Body image dissatisfaction among rural and urban adolescents [in Portuguese]. Motricidade, 2009, 5 (4), 13-25, doi: 10.6063/ motricidade.5(4).167.[Crossref]
• 17. Scherer F.C., Martins C.R., Pelegrini A., Matheus S.C., Petroski E.L., Body image among adolescents: association with sexual maturation and symptoms of eating disorders [in Portuguese]. J Bras Psiquiatr, 2010, 59 (3), 198-202, doi: 10.1590/S0047-20852010000300005.[Crossref]
• 18. Cooper P.J., Taylor M.J., Cooper Z., Fairbum C.G., The development and validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord, 1987, 6 (4), 485-494, doi: 10.10 02/1098 -108X(198707)6:4<485: :AIDEAT2260060405> 3.0.CO;2-O.[Crossref]
• 19. Rosen J.C., Jones A., Ramirez E., Waxman S., Body Shape Questionnaire: studies of validity and reliability. Int J Eat Disord, 1996, 20 (3), 315-319, doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199611)20:3<315::AID-EAT11>3.0.CO;2-Z.[Crossref]
• 20. Di Pietro M., Silveira D.X., Internal validity, dimensionality and performance of the Body Shape Questionnaire in a group of Brazilian college students. Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 2009, 31 (1), 21-24, doi: 10.1590/S1516-44462008005000017.[Crossref]
• 21. Garner D.M., Olmsted M.P., Bohr Y., Garfinkel P.E., Eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med, 1982, 12 (4), 871-878, doi: 10.1017/S0033291700049163.[Crossref]
• 22. Bighetti F., Translation and validation of the Eatting Attitude Test (EAT-26) in female adolescents in Ribeirão Preto city - SP [in Portuguese]. (Unpublished master dissertation, University of São Paulo) Ribeirão Preto, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 2003.
• 23. Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP). Criteria for Economic Ranking in Brazil [in Portuguese], 2008. Avaliable from: http://www.abep.org/novo/Content.aspx?ContentID=139 [retrieved on 2009 mar 12].
• 24. Slaughter M.H., Lohman T.G., Boileau R.A., Horswill C.A., Stillman R.J., van Loan M.D. et al., Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Hum Biol, 1988, 60 (5), 709-723.
• 25. Benedetti T.R.B., Pinho R.A., Ramos V.M., Skinfolds. In: Petroski E.L. (ed.), Anthropometry - techniques and standards. 4th ed [in Portuguese]. Pallotti, Porto Alegre - RS 2009, 45-56.
• 26. Gore C., Norton K., Olds T., Whittingham N., Birchall K., Clough M. et al., Certification in anthropometry: an Australian Model. In: Norton K., Olds T. (eds.), Anthropometrics. Biosystem Servicio educativo, Argentina 2000, 367-381.
• 27. Lohman T.G., The use of skinfolds to estimate body fatness on children and youth. JOPERD, 1987, 58 (9), 98-103, doi: 10.1080/07303084.1987.10604383.[Crossref]
• 28. Tanner J.M., Growth at adolescence: With a general consideration of the effects of hereditary and environmental factors upon growth and maturations from birth to maturity. 2nd ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1962.
• 29. 29. Baxter-Jones A.D.G., Eisenmann J.C., Sherar L.B., Controlling for maturation in pediatric exercise science. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 2005, 17 (1), 18-30.
• 30. Pinheiro A.P., Giugliani E.R.J., Body dissatisfaction in Brazilian schoolchildren: prevalence and associated factors. Rev Saude Publica, 2006, 40 (3), 489-496, doi: 10.1590/S0034-89102006000300018.[Crossref]
• 31. Sands E.R., Wardle J., Internalization of ideal body shapes in 9-12-year-old girls. Int J Eat Disord, 2003, 33 (2), 193-204, doi: 10.1002/eat.10121.[Crossref]
• 32. Lobera I.J., Candau J.R., Ríos P.B., Berriatúa C.M., Jaramillo R.D., González M.T.M. et al., Eating behaviour and body image in a sample of adolescents from Sevilla. Nutr Hosp, 2009, 24 (5), 568-573, doi: 10.3305/nh.2009. 24.5.4486.[Crossref]
• 33. Toro J., Gomez-Peresmitré G., Sentis J., Vallés A., Casulà V., Castro J. et al., Eating disorders and body image in Spanish and Mexican female adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2006, 41 (7), 556-565, doi: 10.1007/s00127-006-0067-x.[Crossref]
• 34. Wang Z., Byrne N.M., Kenardy J.A., Hills A.P., Influences of ethnicity and socioeconomic status on the body dissatisfaction and eating behaviour of Australian children and adolescents. Eat Behav, 2005, 6 (1), 23-33, doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2004.05.001.[Crossref]
• 35. Sampei M.A., Sigulem D.M., Novo N.F., Juliano Y., Colugnati F.A.B., Eating attitudes and body image in ethnic Japanese and Caucasian adolescent girls in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. J Pediatr, 2009, 85 (2), 122-128, doi: 10.1590/S0021-75572009000200007.[Crossref]
• 36. Stice E., Shaw H.E., Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. J Psychosom Res, 2002, 53 (5), 985-993, doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9.[Crossref]
• 37. Pereira E.F., Graup S., Lopes A.S., Borgatto A.F., Daronco L.S.E., Body image perception in children and adolescents with different socio-economic status in the city of Florianópolis, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil [in Portuguese]. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant, 2009, 9 (3), 253-262, doi: 10.1590/S1519-38292009000300004.[Crossref]
• 38. McArthur L.H., Holbert D., Peña M., An exploration of the attitudinal and the perceptual dimensions of body image among male and female adolescents from six Latin American cities. Adolescence, 2005, 40 (160), 801-816.
• 39. Corseuil M.W., Pelegrini A., Beck C., Petroski E.L., The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and its association with unhealthy nutritional status in adolescents [in Portuguese]. R da Educação Física/UEM, 2009, 20 (1), 25-31, doi: 10.4025/reveducfis.v20i1.3496.[Crossref]
• 40. Brooks-Gunn J., Warren M.P., The psychological significance of secondary sexual characteristics in nine-to-elevenyear- old girls. Child Dev, 1988, 59 (4), 1061-1069, doi: 10.2307/1130272[Crossref]
• 41. O’Dea J.A., Abraham S., Onset of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in early adolescence: interplay of pubertal status, gender, weight, and age. Adolescence, 1999, 34 (136), 671-679.
• 42. Ohring R., Graber J.A., Brooks-Gunn J., Girls’ recurrent and concurrent body dissatisfaction: correlates and consequences over 8 years. Int J Eat Disord, 2001, 31 (4), 404-415, doi: 10.1002/eat.10049.[Crossref]
• 43. Williams J.M., Currie C., Self-esteem and physical development in early adolescence: pubertal timing and body image. J Early Adolesc, 2000, 20 (2), 129-149, doi: 10.1177/0272431600020002002. [Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/humo-2013-0047