Operational Model for Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Air Pollution/ Operacyjny Model Atmosferycznego Transportu I Depozycji Zanieczyszczeń

• Authors: Andrzej Mazur , Jerzy Bartnicki , Jerzy Zwoździak
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

An assessment of the current state of natural environment affected by air pollution, as well as, forecasts of pro-ecologic, economic and social activities are very often performed using models for atmospheric transport and deposition of air pollutants. In the present paper, we present an operational dispersion model developed at the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Warsaw. The basic assumptions and principles of the model are described together with the operational domain and examples of model applications. Two examples of model application are described and discussed here. The first, application is a simulation of the atmospheric transport and deposition of the radioactive isotopes released into the atmosphere during the Chernobyl Accident in 1998. The second example is related to simulation of atmospheric transport of the tracer released into the air during the ETEX experiment. These two examples and previous applications of the model showed that presented dispersion model is fully operational, not only for long term applications, but especially for emergency situations, like nuclear accidents or volcanic eruptions affecting Polish territory

PL

Do oceny aktualnego stanu środowiska naturalnego w związku z rozprzestrzenianiem się zanieczyszczeń atmosferycznych i do związanego z tym prognozowania proekologicznych działań gospodarczych i społecznych powszechnie stosowane są modele transportu zanieczyszczeń w atmosferze. W niniejszej pracy opisano operacyjny model dyspersji opracowany w Instytucie Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej w Warszawie. Omówiono obszar jego obliczeń, a także przykłady jego zastosowania: symulacja transportu atmosferycznego i depozycji substancji promieniotwórczych uwolnionych podczas awarii w Czarnobylu w 1986 roku. Drugi przykład dotyczył symulacji transportu atmosferycznego substancji pasywnej (tracera) podczas eksperymentu ETEX. Te dwa przykłady i poprzednie zastosowania modelu wykazały, że zaprezentowany model dyspersji jest w pełni funkcjonalny nie tylko do zastosowań długoterminowych, ale przede wszystkim w sytuacjach kryzysowych, takich jak wypadki jądrowe lub erupcje wulkaniczne, które mogą wpływać na stan środowiska na terytorium Polski.

Keywords

EN

emergency; atmospheric pollutants; dispersion model; radioactive contamination; volcanic ash

PL

sytuacje awaryjne; zanieczyszczenia atmosfery; model dyspersji; skażenia promieniotwórcze; pyły wulkaniczne

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 21
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 385-400

Dates

published

1 - 10 - 2014

online

10 - 10 - 2014

Contributors

author

Andrzej Mazur

• Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, ul. Podleśna 61, 01-673 Warszawa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

author

Jerzy Bartnicki

• Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, ul. Podleśna 61, 01-673 Warszawa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone] / Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Postboks 43 Blindern, 0313 Oslo, Norway

author

Jerzy Zwoździak

• Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, ul. Podleśna 61, 01-673 Warszawa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

References

• [1] Zwoździak J, Zwoździak A, Kmieć G, Kasperczyk K. Some observations of pollutant fluxes over the Sudeten, south-western Poland. Water, Air and Soil Pollut. 1995;85:2009-2013. DOI: 10.1007/BF01186129.[Crossref]
• [2] Eliassen A, Saltbones J. Modelling of long-range transport of sulphur over Europe: A two year model run and some model experiments. Atmospheric Environ. 1983;17:1457-1473, DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(83)90299-8.[Crossref]
• [3] Simpson, D, Benedictow A, Berge H, Bergström R, Emberson LD, Fagerli H, et al. The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model - Part 1: Model description. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss. 2012;12:3781-3874, DOI: 10.5194/acpd-12-3781-2012.[Crossref]
• [4] EMEP Status Report. Transboundary acidification, eutrophication and ground level ozone in Europe in 2010. Joint MSC-W & CCC & CEIP Report 1/2012. Oslo, Norway: Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - West; 2012.
• [5] Travnikov O, Ilyin I. Regional model MSCE-HM of heavy metal transboundary air pollution in Europe. EMEP/MSC-E Technical Report 6/2005, 2005.
• [6] Gusev A, Mantseva E, Shatalov V, Strukov B. Regional Multicompartment Model MSCE-POP. EMEP/MSC-E Technical Report 5/2005, 2005.
• [7] EMEP web page: http://www.emep.int, 2012.
• [8] Bartnicki J, Semeena VS, Fagerli H. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in the period 1995-2006. Atmos Chem Phys. 2011;11:10057-10069. DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-10057-2011.[Crossref]
• [9] European Environment Agency. Air quality in Europe - 2012 report. EEA report No. 4/2012, 2012. DOI: 10.2800/55823.[Crossref]
• [10] Łobocki L, Strużewska J, Zdunek M, Kamiński J, Lupu A, Neary L. Multiscale meteorological modelling for the "Health effects of air pollution - an integrated methodology" project in Kraków, Poland 2005. In: Granier C, Monks P, Tarasova O, Tuncel S, Borrell P, editors. Air Quality in Eastern Europe. ACCENT/JRC Expert Workshop. ACCENT Secretariat, Report 8; 2006.
• [11] Côté J, Gravel S, Méthot A, Patoine A, Roch M, Staniforth A. The operational CMC-MRB Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model: Part I - Design considerations and formulation. Mon Wea Rev. 1998;126:1373-1395. DOI:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)1262.0.CO;2.[Crossref]
• [12] Kamiński JW, Plummer D, Neary L, McConnell JC, Strużewska J, Łobocki L. First application of MC2-AQ to multiscale air quality modelling over Europe. Phys Chem Earth. 2002;27:1517-1524. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-7065(02)00159-6.[Crossref]
• [13] Kamiński JW, Neary L, Strużewska J, McConnell JC, Lupu A, Jarosz L, et al. GEM-AQ, an on-line global multiscale chemical weather modeling system: model description and evaluation of gas phase chemistry processes. Atmos Chem Phys. 2008;8(12):3255-3281. DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-3255-200.[WoS][Crossref]
• [14] Strużewska J, Kamiński JW. Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM - AQ model. Atmos Chem Phys. 2012;12:10387-10404. DOI:10.5194/acp-12-10387-2012.[Crossref][WoS]
• [15] Juda-Rezler K, Reizer M, Huszar P, Krüger BC, Zanis P, Syrakov D, et al. Modelling the effects of climate change on air quality over Central and Eastern Europe: concept, evaluation and projections. Clim Res. 2012;53:179-203. DOI: 10.3354/cr01072.[WoS][Crossref]
• [16] Huszar P, Juda-Rezler K, Halenka T, Chervenkov H, Syrakov D, Krüger BC, et al. Effects of climate change on ozone and particulate matter over Central and Eastern Europe. Clim Res. 2011;50:51-68. DOI: 10.3354/cr01036.[Crossref]
• [17] Ryall DB, Maryon RH. The NAME2 dispersion model: a scientific overview. UK Meteorological Office. MetO(Apr) Turbulence and Diffusion note 217b; 1996.
• [18] Maryon RH, Smith JB, Conway BJ, Goddard DM. The United Kingdom Nuclear Accident Model. Prog Nucl Energy. 1991;26:85-104. DOI: 10.1016/0149-1970(91)90043-O.[Crossref]
• [19] Robertson L, Langner J, Engardt M. An Eulerian Limited-Area atmospheric transport model. J Appl Meteorology. 1998;38:190-210. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0190:AELAAT>2.0.CO;2.[Crossref]
• [20] Stohl, A, Forster C, Frank A, Seibert P, Wotawa G. Technical Note: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 6.2. Atmos Chem Phys. 2005;5:2461-2474. DOI:10.5194/acp-5-2461-2005.[Crossref]
• [21] Sofiev M, Siljamo P, Valkama I, Ilvonen M, Kukkonen J. A dispersion modelling system SILAM and its evaluation against ETEX data. Atmos Environ. 2006;40:674-685. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmos.env.2005.09.069.[Crossref]
• [22] Sørensen JH, Baklanov A, Hoe S. The Danish Emergency Response Model of the Atmosphere (DERMA). J Environ Radioactivity. 2007;96:122-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.01.030.[Crossref][WoS]
• [23] Persson Ch, Robertson L, Thaning L. Model Simulation of Air and Ground Contamination Associated with Nuclear Weapons. An Emergency Preparedness Model. SMHI Report No 95. Norrkoping, Sweden: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; 2000.
• [24] Sørensen JH, Jensen CÃ, Mikkelsen T, Mackay D, Donaldson AI. Modelling the atmospheric spread of footand- mouth disease virus for emergency preparedness. Phys Chem Earth. 2001;26:93-97. DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00223-9.[Crossref]
• [25] Jones AR, Thomson DJ, Hort M, Devenish B. The U.K. Met Office's next-generation atmospheric dispersion model, NAME III, In: Borrego C, Norman AL, editors. Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XVII (Proceedings of the 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application). Springer; 2007:580-589.
• [26] Sofiev M, Vankevich R, Lotjonen M, Prank M, Petukhov V, Ermakova T, et al. An operational system for the assimilation of satellite information on wild-land fires for the needs of air quality modelling and forecasting. Atmos Chem Phys. 2009;9:6833-6847. DOI: 10.5194/acp-9-6833-2009.[Crossref][WoS]
• [27] Galmarini S, Bianconi R, Klug W, Mikkelsen T, Addis R, Andronopoulos S, et al. ENSEMBLE dispersion forecasting Part I: concept, approach and indicators. Atmos Environ. 2004;38(28):4607-4617. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.030.[Crossref]
• [28] Galmarini S, Bianconi R, Klug W, Mikkelsen T, Addis R, Andronopoulos S, et al. Can the confidence in long range atmospheric transport models be increased? The Pan-European experience on ENSEMBLE. Radiation Protect Dosimet. 2004;109(1-2):19-24. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nch261.[Crossref]
• [29] Mazur A. Unified model for atmospheric transport of pollutants over Poland (In Polish: Zunifikowany model atmosferycznego transportu zanieczyszczeń dla Polski. Rozprawa doktorska), doctoral dissertation. Warszawa: IMWM; 2008.
• [30] Mazur A, Hrehoruk J. Regional model for atmospheric transport of heavy metals over Poland. Ecol Chem Eng. 1997;4(4):529-549.
• [31] Mazur A, Bartnicki J, Zwoździak J. Atmospheric aerosol dispersion models and their applications to environmental risk assessment. Environ Medicine. 2014;17(1):7-15.
• [32] Zanetti P. Air Quality Modeling. Theories, Methodologies, Computational Techniques and Available Databases and Software. Vol. I - Fundamentals. Paolo Zanetti, editor. The EnviroComp Institute; 2003.
• [33] Berge E, Tarrasón L. An Evaluation of Eulerian Advection Methods for the Modelling of Long Range Transport of Air Pollution. EMEP/MSC-W Note 2/92. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - West. Oslo, Norway; 1992.
• [34] Atanassov D, Spassova T. Testing of numerical advection schemes and splitting techniques used in pollution dispersion modelling on an analytic solution. Inter J Environ and Pollut. 2003;20:96-104. DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2003.004254.[Crossref]
• [35] Bott A. A positive definite advection scheme obtained by nonlinear renormalization of the advective fluxes. Mon Wea Rev. 1989;117:1006-1015. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1006:APDASO>2.0.CO;2.[Crossref]
• [36] Bott A. Monotone flux limitation in the area preserving flux form advection algorithm. Mon Wea Rev. 1992;120:2592-2602. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2592:MFLITA>2.0.CO;2.[Crossref]
• [37] Potter D. Computational Physics. New York: J. Wiley & Sons; 1973.
• [38] Schaettler U, Doms G. The Nonhydrostatic Limited-Area Model LM (Lokal-Modell) of DWD. DWD documents; 2000.
• [39] Strupczewski A. The causes and course of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power-station with reactor RBMK. Electrotechnical Review. 1987;8(5):145-148.
• [40] OECD, NEA. http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/chernobyl/c02.html, Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impact 2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On.
• [41] Draxler R, Stunder B, Rolph G, Stein A, Taylor A. HYSPLIT4 User’s Guide Version 4. Last Revision March 2012, http://www.arl.noaa.gov/documents/reports/hysplit_user_guide.pdf, 2012.
• [42] Girardi F, Archer G, Graziani G, Klug W, Mosca S, Nodop K. The European Long Range Tracer Experiment (ETEX) Preliminary Evaluation of Model Intercomparison Exercise Conference Proc. In: Proc of the 21st International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application. AMS, NATO. 6-10 November 1995. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Elsevier Publisher; 1995.
• [43] Graziani G, Galmarini S, Grippa G, Klug W. Real-Time Long-Range Dispersion Model Evaluation of The ETEX Second Release. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 1998.

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/eces-2014-0028