Psychological Aspects of the Polish National Team Performance at EURO 2012 Tournament in the Opinion of Students from Sports- and Humanities-Oriented Universities

• Authors: Daniel Krokosz , Magdalena Jochimek , Mariusz Lipowski
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the perception of psychological preparation of Polish football players by the spectators possessing direct involvement with psychology and sports. Moreover, we tried to determine who was assigned the blame for the defeat. Material/Methods: The study involved164 psychology students from University of Gdanskand 201 students from Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, aged between 19 and 32 years. The participants completed EURO 2012 survey in October 2012. Results: The students of thesports-oriented universitywere more interested in football on a daily basis and showed greater interest inthe EURO 2012 tournament. Significant intergroup differences pertained to the responsibility scores of the coach, players, and the team of physicians, physiotherapists, and psychologists, as well as to the scores ascribed to various potential psychological determinants of the failure of the Polish Team during the competition. Among others, documented significant correlations included relationships betweenthe satisfaction gained from the tournament and the role of pressure exerted by spectators and media. Conclusions: In the students’opinion EURO 2012 was a great commercial and promotional success, but also a huge disappointment with regards to the performance of the Polish National Team. Although our participants acknowledged psychological aspects as potential determinants of the lack of sport success, they did not perceive the role of a psychologist as importantduring preparation. This may suggest a necessity ofpromoting the need for cooperation between athletes and specialists of various disciplines.

Keywords

EN

sport psychology; football; EURO 2012; sport spectators; determinants of failure

• Publisher: Versita
• Journal: Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 5
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 27-36

Dates

published

1 - 03 - 2013

online

22 - 03 - 2013

Contributors

author

Daniel Krokosz

• Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk, Poland

author

Magdalena Jochimek

• Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk, Poland

author

Mariusz Lipowski

• Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Dep. of Health Psychology, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland, ul. K. Górskiego 1, Phone: [phone]

References

• 1. Mistrzostwa w pi³ce no¿nej EURO 2012. Widownia transmisji oraz udzia³y programów TVP1, TVP2, TVP HD oraz TVP Sport od 8 czerwca do 1 lipca 2012 - podsumowanie [in Polish] [European Football Championships EURO 2012. Audience and the contribution of the TVP1, TVP2, TVP HD and TVP Sport channels between June 8th and July 1st 2012 - a windup]. [http://www.krrit.gov.pl/Data/Files/_public/pliki/publikacje/mistrzostwa-europy-w-pilce-noznej---podsumowanie.pdf] [accessed on 24.11.12]
• 2. EURO 2012: polsko-ukraiñski record potwierdzony [In Polish] [EURO 2012 - the Polish-Ukrainian record acknowledged] [http://stadiony.net/aktualnosci/2012/07/euro_2012_polskoukrainski_rekord_potwierdzony] [accessed on 24.11.12]
• 3. Rekordowe strefy kibica. Serwis Polskiego Radia [in Polish] [Record Fan Zones. Newsletter of the Polish Radio] [http://www.polskieradio.pl/114/1985/Artykul/637130,Rekordowe-Strefy-Kibica] [accessed on 24.11.12]
• 4. Bryant J, Raney AA. Sports on the screen. In: Zillmann D, Vorderer P, editors. Media entertainment: The psychology of its appeal. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc; 2000, 53-174.
• 5. Real MR. Media Sports: Technology and the commodification of postmodern sport. In: Wenner LA, editor. Media Sport. London: Routledge; 1998, 14-26.
• 6. Sahaj T. Fani futbolowi. Historyczno-spo³eczne stadium zjawiska kibicowania [In Polish] [Fans of football. Historical and social study of the phenomenon of rooting]. Poznañ: AWF; 2000, 42.
• 7. Bauer HH, Sauer NE, Exler S. The loyalty ofGerman soccer fans: does a team’s brand image matter? Int J Sports Mark Sponsorship 2005;7:14-22.
• 8. Holt DB. How consumers consume: a typology ofconsumption practices. J Consum Res 1995;22:1-16.[Crossref]
• 9. Bernhardt PC, Dabbs JM Jr., Fielden JA, Lutter CD. Testosteronechanges during vicarious experiences of winning and losing among fans at sporting events. Physiol Behav 1998;65:59-62.[PubMed][Crossref]
• 10. van der Meij L, Almela M, Hidalgo V, et al. Testosterone and cortisol release among Spanish soccer fans watching the 2010 World Cup Final. PLoS ONE 2012;7:34814. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034814.[Crossref]
• 11. Vallerand RJ, Houlfort N. Passion at work: Toward a new conceptualization. In: Skarlicki D, Gilliland D, Steiner D, editors. Social issues in management.Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing; 2003, 175-204.
• 12. Vass JS. Cheering for self: An ethnography of the basketball event. New York: Universe Inc; 2003.
• 13. Vallerand RJ, Ntoumanis N, Philippe FL, et al. On passion and sportsfans: A look at football. J Sports Sci 2008;26:1279-1293.[Crossref][WoS]
• 14. Rocca KA, Vogl-Bauer S. Trait verbal aggression, sports fanidentification, and perceptions of appropriate sports fan communication. Commun Res Rep 1999;16:239-248.[Crossref]
• 15. Branscombe NR, Wann DL. Collective self-esteem consequencesof outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. EurJ Soc Psychol 1994;24:641-657.[Crossref]
• 16. Wann DL, Carlson JD, Schrader MP. The impact of teamidentification on the hostile and instrumental verbal aggression of sportspectators. J Soc Behav Pers 1999;14:279-286.
• 17. Wann DL, Culver Z, Akanda R, Daglar M, De Divitiis C, Smith A.The effects of team identification and game outcome on willingness to consider anonymous acts of hostile aggression. J Sport Behav 2005;28:282-294.
• 18. Wann DL, Haynes G, McLean B, Pullen P. Sport teamidentification and willingness to consider anonymous acts of hostileaggression. Aggressive Behav 2003;29:406-413.[Crossref]
• 19. Wann DL, Peterson RR, Cothran C, Dykes M. Sport fanaggression and anonymity: The importance of team identification. J Soc Behav Pers 1999;27:597-602.[Crossref]
• 20. Dziubiñski Z. A sociological attempt at explaining aggression in sport. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 2007;13:204-208.
• 21. Piotrowski P. Szalikowcy. O zachowaniach dewiacyjnych kibiców sportowych [In Polish] [Football hooligans. Thedeviantbehavior ofsports fans]. Toruñ: Wydawnictwo “Adam Marsza³ek”; 2000, 9.
• 22. Lun J, Sinclair S, Whitchurch ER, Glenn C. (Why) do I think what you think? Epistemic social tuning and implicit prejudice. J Pers Soc Psychol 2007;10:257-274.
• 23. Henschen KP, Gordin RD.Self-regulation techniques contributingto success in sport. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International Pre-Olympic ScientificCongress. Dallas: Cooper Center for Aerobics Research; 1996, 94.
• 24. Murphy SM. The achievement zone. New York, NY: G.P Putnam's Son; 1996.
• 25. Blecharz J. Jak motywować mistrzów? [in Polish] [How to motivatechampions?]. Sport Wyczynowy 2002;9-10/453-454:109-111.
• 26. Blecharz J.Psychologiczne wspomaganie - zakres i skuteczność [in Polish] [Psychological support - the extent and effectiveness]. Sport Wyczynowy 2002;3-4/447-448:115-123.
• 27. Robazza C, Bortoli L. Mentalpreparationstrategiesof Olympic archers during competition: An exploratory investigation. High Abil Stud 1998;9:219-235.[Crossref]
• 28. Elman W, McKelvie S. Narcissism in football players: Stereotype or reality? J Sport Psychol 2003;5:1-9.
• 29. Lipowski M. Piłkarz - idol czy narcyz? Perspektywa psychologiczna [In Polish] [Football player - idol or narcissist? Psychological perspective]. In: Ciechowicz J, Moska W, editors. Futbol w świecie sztuki [In Polish][Football in the art world].Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego; 2004, 347-353.
• 30. Centrum Badań Opinii Społecznej. Komunikat z badań, lipiec 2012: Sukces EURO 2012 [in Polish] [Public Opinion Research Center. Research report, June 2012: Success of EURO 2012] [http://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2012/K_099_12.PDF] [accessed on 12.01.13]
• 31. Nowicki D. Umiejętności psychologiczne trenera oraz ich wykorzystanie w procesie treningowym i startowym [In Polish] [Psychological skills trainer and their use in the process of training and the start]. Sport Wyczynowy 2010;2/534:104-113.
• 32. Hacker CM. Women’s World Cup: Performance enhancement through mental skills training. Prof Psychol- Res Pr 2000;31:363-364.[Crossref]
• 33. Behan M, Wilson M. State anxiety and visual attention: The role of the quiet eyeperiod in aiming at a far target. J Sports Sci 2008;26:207-215.[WoS][Crossref]
• 34. Szczepan S, Kulmatycki L. Psychophysical motivational effects of music on competitive swimming. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 2012;4:197-204.
• 35. Blumenstein B, Weinstein Y. Biofeedback training: enhancing athletic performance. Biofeedback 2011;39:101-104.
• 36. McFarland C, Ross M. Impact of causal attributions on affective reactions to success and failure. J Pers Soc Psychol 1982;43:937-946.[Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/bjha-2013-0003