Evaluation of fatigue in semi-professional football players:
association between overtraining and physical fitness

• Authors: Pantelis T. Nikolaidis
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Study aim: overtraining (OT) has a detrimental effect on sport performance, but it is not clear to what extent it influences physical fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between OT and physical fitness in football players.Material and methods: a sample of semi-professional male football players (n = 124) performed a series of anthropometric and physical fitness measurements, and completed the 54-item OT questionnaire of the French Society of Sports Medicine.Results: the OT score was significantly correlated with sit-and-reach test (SAR; rho = −0.20, p < 0.05), theoretical maximal velocity (v0; rho = −0.23, p < 0.05), theoretical maximal force (F0) of the force-velocity test (F-v test; rho = 0.25, p < 0.01) and mean power (Pmean) in W · kg−1 of the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT; rho = −0.20, p < 0.05). The comparison between OT quartiles revealed that the first quartile scored higher than the third quartile in SAR and in v0 (p < 0.05). The fourth quartile scored higher in F0 than the first, second and third quartiles (p < 0.05). The magnitude of these differences among groups was medium.Conclusions: the negative correlations between OT and physical fitness and the highest scores in fitness for the first OT quartile indicate a negative effect of OT on physical fitness (anaerobic capacity, maximal velocity and flexibility) of football players. In addition, because there is very limited prior relevant research on football players’ OT, our data can be used as reference for future research.

Keywords

EN

Football; Questionnaire; Ergometry; Physiological characteristics

• Publisher: Versita
• Journal: Biomedical Human Kinetics
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 6
• Issue: 1

Dates

online

28 - 6 - 2014

Contributors

author

Pantelis T. Nikolaidis

• Department of Physical and Cultural Education, Hellenic Army Academy, Athens, Greece
• Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece

References

• 1. Bigard A.X. (2001) Exercise-induced muscle injury and overtraining. Sci. Sports.,16(4): 204-215.
• 2. Eidelman D. (1980) Fatigue: Towards an analysis and a unified definition. Med. Hypotheses, 6(5): 517-526.
• 3. Kuipers H., Keizer H.A. (1988) Overtraining in elite athletes. Review and directions for the future. Sports Med., 6(2): 79-92.
• 4. Aloulou I., Manetta J., Dumortier M., Brandou F., Varlet-Marie E., Fédou C. et al. (2003) Effects out of mirror of the drive and overtraining on the somatotropic function and the glucido-lipidic balance with the exercise. Sci. Sports, 18(6): 305-307.
• 5. Banfi G., Dolci A. (2006) Free testosterone/cortisol ratio in soccer: Usefulness of a categorization of values. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 46(4): 611-616.
• 6. Kraemer W.J., French D.N., Paxton N.J., Hakkinen K., Volek J.S., Sebastianelli W.J. et al. (2004) Changes in exercise performance and hormonal concentrations over a big ten soccer season in starters and nonstarters. J. Strength Cond. Res., 18(1): 121-128.
• 7. Bosquet L., Leger L., Legros P. (2001) Blood lactate response to overtraining in male endurance athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 84(1–2): 107-1014.
• 8. Wiacek M., Andrzejewski M., Chmura J., Zubrzycki I.Z. (2011) The changes of the specific physiological parameters in response to 12-week individualized training of young soccer players. J. Strength Cond. Res., 25(6): 1514-1521.
• 9. Lehmann M., Schnee W., Scheu R., Stockhausen W., Bachl N. (1992) Decreased nocturnal catecholamine excretion: parameter for an overtraining syndrome in athletes? Int. J. Sports Med., 13(3): 236-242.
• 10. Legros P., (1993) «Surentraînement» elg. Le surentrainement: diagnostic des manifestations psychocomportementales précoces. Sci. Sports, 8: 71-74.
• 11. Flore P., Sarrazin P., Favre-Juvin A. (2003) Le questionnaire de surentraînement de la Société française de médecine du sport : reproductibilité à court terme. Sci. Sports, 18: 290-292.
• 12. Bricout V.A., Favre-Juvin A. (2006) Utilisation of a questionnaire of fatigue in sport children: effect of sport, age and gender. Arch. Pediatr., 13(12): 1572-1580.
• 13. Bricout V.A., Charrier I., Favre-Juvin A. (2007) Use of the fatigue questionnaire (QFES) in child athletes for individual follow-up: two cases. Ann. Readapt. Med. Phys., 50(8): 685-689.
• 14. Parizkova J. Lean body mass and depot fat during autogenesis in humans. In: Parizkova J., Rogozkin, V., editor. Nutrition, Physical Fitness and Health: International Series on Sport Sciences. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1978.
• 15. Ross W.D., Marfell-Jones M.J. Kinanthropometry. In: MacDougall J.D., Wenger H.A., Green H.J., editors. Physiological testing of the high-performance athlete. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1991.
• 16. Ayala F., Sainz de Baranda P., De Ste Croix M., Santonja F. (2012) Absolute reliability of five clinical tests for assessing hamstring flexibility in professional futsal players. Journal of science and medicine in sport/Sports Medicine Australia, 15(2): 142-147.
• 17. Bland J., Pfeiffer K., Eisenmann J.C. (2012) The PWC170: comparison of different stage lengths in 11–16 year olds. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 112(5): 1955-1961.
• 18. Driss T., Vandewalle H. (2013) The measurement of maximal (anaerobic) power output on a cycle ergometer: a critical review. BioMed research international., 2013: 589361.
• 19. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.
• 20. Chelly M.S., Cherif N., Ben Amar M., Hermassi S., Fathkoun M., Bouhlel E. et al. (2010) Relationship of peak leg power, 1 maximal repetition half back squat, and leg muscle volume to 5-m sprint performance of junior soccer players. J. Strength Cond. Res., 24(1): 266-271.
• 21. Bouhlel E., Bouhlel H., Chelly M.S., Tabka Z. (2006) Relationship between maximal anaerobic power measured by force-velocity test and performance in the countermovement jump and in the 5-jump test in moderately trained boys. Sci. Sports, 21(1): 1-7.
• 22. Morin J.B., Hintzy F., Belli A., Grappe F. (2002) Force-velocity relationships and sprint running performances in trained athletes. Sci. Sports, 17(2): 78-85.
• 23. Perez-Gomez J., Rodriguez G.V., Ara I., Olmedillas H., Chavarren J., González-Henriquez J.J. et al. (2008) Role of muscle mass on sprint performance: Gender differences? Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 102(6): 685-694.
• 24. Nikolaidis P.T. (2012) Age-related differences in force-velocity characteristics in youth soccer. Kinesiology, 44(2): 130-138.
• 25. Nikolaidis P.T. (2011) Anaerobic power across adolescence in soccer players. Human Movement, 12(4): 342-347.

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/bhk-2014-0009