Selected classical and novel antiepileptic drugs – mechanisms of action, neuroprotection, and effectiveness in epileptic and non-epileptic conditions

• Authors: Magdalena Chrościńska-Krawczyk , Magdalena Wałek , Bożydar Tylus , Stanisław J. Czuczwar
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Introduction. One of the most common neurological disorders is epilepsy, characterised by recurrent spontaneus seizures. Although not fully efficient in ca 30% of patients, pharmacologic treatment of epilepsy plays an important therapeutic approach not only against epilepsy.Aim. To provide data on the mechanism of action, activity and neuroprotective efficacy in experimental conditions, clinical efficacy against epilepsy and non-epileptic diseases of major, classical and newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs – lamotrigine, topiramate, levetiracetam, valproate and carbamazepine).Methods. A literature search for publications written in English, preferably published within a period of the last fifteen years, using the key words listed below.Review. The majority of AEDs possess more than one mechanism of action. They exert their effect by acting on various receptors (different types of glutamatergic and mainly GABAA receptors), neurotransmitters (mainly glutamate or GABA) and voltage-gated ion channels (sodium or calcium ion channels). All reviewed AEDs possess neuroprotective activity, the weakest being carbamazepine. Apart from epilepsy, AEDs may be also used in the pharmacotherapy of migraine, neuropathic pain, spasticity, psychiatric disorders and Parkinsons's or Alzheimer's diseases.Conclusions. As highlighted above, around 30% of epileptic patients do not substantially benefit from AEDs. It is possible that rational combinations of AEDs, based upon experimental studies, could improve this outcome. The neuroprotective effects of AEDs may point to their disease-modifying activity.

Keywords

EN

antiepileptic drugs; clinical efficacy; animal seizure models; neuroprotection; mechanisms of action; non-epileptic conditions

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Journal of Epileptology
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 22
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 37-50

Dates

published

1 - 6 - 2014

online

1 - 3 - 2015

received

10 - 1 - 2014

accepted

20 - 3 - 2014

Contributors

author

Magdalena Chrościńska-Krawczyk

• Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin
• Clinic of Paediatrics, Endocrinology and Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin

author

Magdalena Wałek

• Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin

author

Bożydar Tylus

• Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin

author

Stanisław J. Czuczwar

• Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin
• Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland

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Identifiers

DOI

10.1515/joepi-2015-0013