Bioactivity of toothpaste containing bioactive
glass in remineralizing media: effect of fluoride
release from the enzymatic cleavage of
monofluorophosphate.

• Authors: Anthony L. B. Maçon , Esther M. Valliant , Jonathan S. Earl , Julian R. Jones
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Objectives. The aim was to introduce a new
methodology to characterize toothpaste containing bioactive
glass and to evaluate the effect of release of fluoride
ions, by cleaving monofluorophosphate (MFP), on the
mineral forming ability of Sensodyne Repair & Protect
(SRP). which contains NovaMinTM (bioactive glass, 45S5
composition). Methods. SRP, NovaMin particles, and placebo paste (PLA)
which did not contain NovaMin, were immersed into
a remineralization media (RS), which mimics the ionic
strength of human saliva, for 3 days with different concentrations
of alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 0, 25 and 75 U.L−1.
Ion concentration profiles and pH were monitored by ICPOES
and F− ion selective electrode. Remaining solids were
collected by freeze-drying and their surfaces analysed. Results. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on the surface of
BG alone (after 1 h) and in toothpaste (after 2 h), whereas
PLA did not induce any precipitation. ALP cleaved MFP at
different rates depending on the enzyme concentration.
Increasing the concentration of ALP from 0 and 75 U.L−1 reduced the time of HA formation from 2 h to 24 h. However,
the presence of fluoride induced the precipitation of
fluorapatite. No evidence of fluorite (CaF2) was observed.
The apatite formation ability of toothpaste can be assessed
using the presented method.

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Biomedical glasses
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 1
• Issue: 1

Dates

accepted

16 - 5 - 2015

online

21 - 7 - 2015

received

6 - 5 - 2015

Contributors

author

Anthony L. B. Maçon

• Department of
  Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus,
  London, SW7 2AZ UK

author

Esther M. Valliant

• Department of
  Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus,
  London, SW7 2AZ UK

author

Jonathan S. Earl

• GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge,
  Surrey, KT13 0DE UK

author

Julian R. Jones

• Department of
  Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus,
  London, SW7 2AZ UK

References

• [1] R.H. Bababneh, A.T. Khouri and M. Addy. Dentine hypersensitivity– an enigma? a review of terminology, mechanisms, aetiologyand management. Br Dent J 1999, 187, 606-611.
• [2] M. Brannstrom, L.A. Linden and G. Johnson. Movement of dentinaland pulpal fluid caused by clinical procedures. J Dent Res1968, 47, 679-682.[Crossref]
• [3] L. Gendreau, A.P. Barlow and S.C. Mason. Overview of the clinicalevidence for the use of NovaMinr in providing relief frompain of dentine hypersensitivity. J Cin Dent 2011, 22, 90-95.
• [4] J.S. Wefel. NovaMinr: Likely clinical success. Adv Dent Res2009, 21, 4043.
• [5] Q.D. Min, Z. Bian, H. Jiang, D.C. Greenspan, A.K. Burwell, J.Zhong and B.J. Tai. Clinical evaluation of a dentifrice containingcalcium sodium phosphosilicate (NovaMin) for treatment ofdentine hypersensitivity. Am J Dent 2008, 21, 210-214.
• [6] L.L. Hench, R.J. Splinter, W.C. Allen and T.K. Greenlee. Bondingmechanisms at the interface of ceramic prosthetic materials. J.Biomed. Mater. Res. 1971, 5, 117-141.
• [7] E.C. Reynolds. Calciumphosphate-based remineraliszation systems:scientific evidence? Aust Dent J 2008, 53, 268-273.[Crossref]
• [8] M.T. Kato, M. Lancia, S.H.C. Sales-Peres and M.A.R. Preventiveeffect of commercial desensitizing toothpastes on bovineenamel erosion in vitro. Caries Res 2010, 44, 85-89.[WoS][Crossref]
• [9] Z. Wang, Y. Sa, S. Sauro, H. Chen, W. Xing, X. Ma, T. Jiang and Y.Wang. Effect of desentising toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion:A dentine permeability measurement and SEM in vitrostudy. J Dent. 2010, 38, 400-410.[WoS][Crossref]
• [10] Z. Wang, T. Jiang, S. Sauro, D.H. Pashley, M. Toledano, R. Osorio,S. Liang, W. Xing, Y. Sa, Y. Wang. The dentine remineralizationactivity of a desensitizing bioactive glass-containing toothpaste:an in vitro study. Aust Dent J. 2011, 56, 372-381.[Crossref][WoS]
• [11] G. LaTorre and D.C. Greenspan. The role of ionic release fromNovaMin (calcium sodium phosphosilicate_ in tubule occlusion:an exploratory in vitro using radio-labeled isotopes. J ClinDent. 2010, 21, 72-76.
• [12] E.S. Gjorgievska, J.W. Nicholson, S.M. Apostolska, N.J. Coleman,S.E. Booth, I.J. Slipper and Mitko I. Mladenov. Interfacialproperties of three different bioactive dentine substitutes. Microsc.Microanal. 2013 19, 1450-1457.[Crossref][WoS]
• [13] J.S. Earl, N. Topping, J. Elle, R.M. Langford and D.C. Greenspan.Physical and chemical characterization of the surface layersformed on dentin following treatment with fluoridated toothpastecontaining NovaMin. J Clin Dent. 2011, 22, 68-73.
• [14] L.N. Devonshire and H.N. Rowley. Kinetics of hydrolysis of Fluorophosphates.I. Monofluorophosphoric acid. Inorg. Chem.1962, 1, 680-683.[Crossref]
• [15] E.I.F. Pearce and G.H. Dibdin. The effect of pH, temperature andplaque thickness on the hydrolysis of monofluorophosphate inexperimental dental plaque. Caries Res 2002, 37, 178-184.[Crossref]
• [16] E.A. Naumova, P. Kuehnl, P. Hertenstein, L. Markovic, R.A. Jordan,P. Gaengler and W.H. Arnold. Fluoride bioavailability insaliva and plaque. BMC Oral Health. 2012, 12, 1-6.[WoS]
• [17] W.C. Chen, C.H. Chen, J.C. Kung, Y.C. Hsiao, C.J. Shih and C.S.Chien. Phosphorus effects of mesoporous bioactive glass on occludeexposed dentine. Materials. 2013, 6, 5335-5351.[Crossref]
• [18] A.L.B. Maçon, T.B. Kim, E.M. Valliant, K. Goetschius, R.K. Brow,D.E. Day, A. Hoppe, A.R. Boccaccini, I.Y. Kim, C. Ohtsuki, T.Kokubo, A. Osaka, M. Vallet-Regí, D. Arcos, L. Fraile, A.J. Salinas,A. Teixeira, Y. Vueva, R.M. Almeida, M. Miola, C. Vitale-Brovarone, E. Verné,W. Höland, J.R. Jones, A unified in vitro evaluationfor apatite forming ability of bioactive glasses and theirvariants, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2015, 26 (115).[Crossref][WoS]
• [19] S. Dabra and P. Singh. Evaluating the levels of salivary alkalineand acid phosphatase activities as biochemical marlers for periodontaldisease: A case series. Dent Res J. 2012, 9, 41-45.[Crossref]
• [20] P. Scherer and S.F. Fisher. Theoretical molecular biophysics:chap. Debye-Hückel theory. Springer. 2010, 45-59.
• [21] A. Oyane, H.M. Kim, T. Furuya. T. Kokubo, T. Miyazaki and T.Nakamura. Preparation and assessment of revised simulatedbody fluid. J Biomed Mater Res. 2003, 65A, 188-195.[Crossref]
• [22] H. McDowell, T.M. Gregory and W.E. Brown. Solubility ofCa5(PO4)3OH in the system Ca(OH)2-H3PO4-H2O at 5,15, 25, and37∘C. J Res Nat Bur Stand. 1977, 81A, 273-281.
• [23] C. Ohtsuki, T. Kobubo and T. Yamamuro. Mechanism of apatiteformation on CaO-SiO2-P2O5 glasses in a simulated body fluid.J Non-Cryst Solids. 1992, 143, 84-92
• [24] T. Kokubo, H. Kushitani, S. Sakka, T. Kitsugi and T. Yamamuro.Solutions able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure changes inbioactive glass-ceramic A-W. J Mater Sci: Mater Med. 1990, 24,721-734.
• [25] F. Barrere, C.A. van Blitterswijk, K. de Groot and P. Layrolle. Influenceof ionic strength and carbonate on the Ca-P coating formationfrom SBFx5 solution. Biomaterials. 2002, 23, 1921-1930.[Crossref]
• [26] B.J. Steel, J.M. Stokes and R.H. Stokes. Individual ion Mobilitiesin mixtures of non-electrolytes and water. J. Phys. Chem 195862, 1514-1516.
• [27] J. Klimek, M. Jung and S. Jung. Interindividual differences indegradation of sodium monofluorophosphate by saliva in relationto oral health status. Archs Oral Biol. 1997, 42, 181-184.
• [28] Y. Seo and M. Murakami, H. Watari, Y. Imai, K. Yoshizaki, H.Nishikawa and T. Morimoto. Intracellular pH determination by31P-NMR Technique. The Second dissociation constant of phosphoricacid in a biological system. J. Biochem. 1983, 94, 729-734.
• [29] X. Lu and Y. Leng. Theoretical analysis of calciumphosphate precipitationin simulated body fluid. Biomaterials 2005, 26, 1097-1108.[Crossref]
• [30] A.S. Bakry, H. Takahashi, M. Otsuki and J. Tagami. The durabilityof phosphoric acid promoted Bioglass-dentine interactionlayer. Dent Mat. 2013, 29, 357-364.[WoS]
• [31] R. Koncki, D. Ogonczyk, S. Glad. Potentiometric assay for acidand alkaline phosphatase. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2005, 538, 257-261.
• [32] M. Mneimne, R.G. Hill, A.J. Bushby and D.S. Brauer. Highphosphate content significantly increases apatite formation offluoride-containing bioactive glasses. Acta Biomater. 2011, 7,1827-34.[WoS][Crossref]
• [33] N.H. de Leeuw. Resisting the onset of hydroxyapatite dissolutionthrough the incorporation of fluoride. J. Phys. Chem. B.2004, 108, 1809-1811.[Crossref]
• [34] G.L. Vogel, Y. Mao, L.C. Chow and H.M. Proskin. Fluoride inplaque fluid, plaque, and saliva measured for 2 hours after asodiumfluoride monofluorophosphate rinse. Caries Res. 2000,34, 404-411. [Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.1515/bglass-2015-0005