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Variability of clinical characteristic of colorectal cancer patients – analysis of selected parameters

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Copija A., Głogowski Ł., Walkiewicz K., Janion K., Nowakowska-Zajdel E.
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vol. 8
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issue 3
80-85
EN
Introduction: A steady increase of the incidence of colorectal cancer has been observed for over 30 years, particularly in well-developed countries. Colorectal cancer is one of the lifestyle-related neoplasms and depends on environmental factors. Aim: Aim of the study was to analyse selected clinical features of colorectal cancer patients. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 577 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer treated in the Department of Clinical Oncology in Bytom in 2006–2014. The patients were included into the study prospectively. The analysis of selected clinical, pathological and anthropometrical parameters was conducted. Results: The study group included 237 women and 341 men aged 26 to 86 years (mean age 64.3 ± 9.2 years). Primary tumours were mostly located in the colon and had histological grade 2. The surgical removal of the primary tumour was performed in 540 patients. 65 patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy, 201 – postoperative chemotherapy and 91 – postoperative radio-chemotherapy. 132 of patients obtained the first-line palliative chemotherapy. 88 of patients did not received oncological treatment. KRAS/RAS mutation were determined in 73 patients and the EGFR expression status in 53 patients. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer patients are a heterogeneous group with differential clinical, pathological and molecular features. 1. Therapeutic management of patients with colorectal cancer largely depends on its location, clinical and pathological stage, patients performance status and comorbidities. 2. Understanding the clinical features of patients with colorectal cancer becomes helpful in designing of screening, which take into account clinical profile of the patient, i.e. age, gender, comorbidities and anthropometric characteristics
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Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in the course of breast cancer

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Ciszewska A., Głogowski Ł., Witkoś A., Rusinowska Z., Nowakowska-Zajdel E.
OncoReview
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2015
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vol. 5
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issue 2
A76-80
EN
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are a group of rarely observed disorders, accompanying about 1% of cancer diseases. They have a typically aggressive course, leading to profound and essentially irreversible disability. The pathogenic cause behind PNS is damage of the nervous system structures as a consequence of the body’s immunological reaction induced by cancer. Onconeural antibodies generated as part of the reaction target the tumour tissues, but also the regular nervous tissue recognized as antigens. Presence of onconeural antibodies reveals a 50–60% sensitivity and 100% specificity in diagnosing PNS. Imaging and laboratory tests have a limited impact on diagnosis. What is crucial is the analysis of clinical systems following Graus’s criteria (elaborated in 2004). In the case presented here, the patient underwent treatment in many neurological departments due to the symptoms of progressive damage of the nervous system. She was eventually diagnosed with the stiff person syndrome related to breast cancer. In spite of the treatment, including an efficacious oncological therapy, the severe neurological deficit resulted in serious motor disability.
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PTEN – clinical significance in colorectal cancer

86%
Copija A., Waniczek D., Walkiewicz K., Głogowski Ł., Augustyniak H., Nowakowska-Zajdel E.
OncoReview
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2016
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vol. 6
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issue 2
A86-90
EN
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a human suppressor gene. Its protein product is a bispecific phosphatase playing the complex role in the cell cycle regulating processes and apoptosis by the mechanism of signal transduction into the cell via tyrosine kinase B signaling pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR). Reduction or loss of PTEN function is implicated in the pathogenesis of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer. A gradual decrease in the function of PTEN in the sequence of transformations: normal tissue–polyp–adenocarcinoma – disseminated cancer was indicated. The relation between the PTEN loss and the higher clinical severity of colorectal cancer was observed, i.a. higher TNM status and higher tendency to form metastases, leading in some of the studies to shortened patients survival during the observation period. The potential predictive value of the PTEN function loss for the EGFR-targeted therapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer is the subject of controversy. The potential application of PTEN assessment in clinical practice as a prognostic and/or predictive factor requires further well-designed prospective studies on larger patient population, using the unified methodology. The aim of the study is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of PTEN gene and PTEN protein in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and the role of PTEN in clinical practice.
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